वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-64, verse-21

अनेकवार्षिको यस्तु चिरकालं समुत्थितः ।
सो ऽयमद्य हतः शेते कालो हि दुरतिक्रमः ॥२१॥

21. anekavārṣiko yastu cirakālaṃ samutthitaḥ ,
so'yamadya hataḥ śete kālo hi duratikramaḥ.

21. anekavārṣikaḥ yaḥ tu cirakālam samutthitaḥ
saḥ ayam adya hataḥ śete kālaḥ hi duratikramaḥ

21. yaḥ tu anekavārṣikaḥ cirakālam samutthitaḥ,
saḥ ayam adya hataḥ śete; hi kālaḥ duratikramaḥ

21. But he who had lived for many years, who had existed for a long time, now lies slain today. For Time (kāla) is indeed impossible to overcome.

Words meanings summery:

• अनेकवार्षिकः (anekavārṣikaḥ) - of many years (old) (of many years, very old, ancient)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• चिरकालम् (cirakālam) - for a long time

• समुत्थितः (samutthitaḥ) - had existed (for a long time) (risen, stood up, originated, existed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Jaṭāyu) (he, that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (one, referring to Jaṭāyu) (this, he)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• हतः (hataḥ) - slain (struck, killed, destroyed)

• शेते (śete) - lies (dead) (lies down, sleeps)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Time (personified as destroyer) (time, death, destiny)

• हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, for, because)

• दुरतिक्रमः (duratikramaḥ) - irresistible (difficult to overcome, irresistible)

Words meanings and morphology

अनेकवार्षिकः (anekavārṣikaḥ) - of many years (old) (of many years, very old, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anekavārṣika

anekavārṣika - of many years, annual

Derived from 'aneka' (many) + 'varṣa' (year) with suffix -ika.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (aneka+varṣa)

• aneka – many, numerous (not one)
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of a (negative) + eka (one).
  Prefix: a
• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with yaḥ.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

चिरकालम् (cirakālam) - for a long time

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (cira+kāla)

• cira – long (time), ancient
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative of duration).

समुत्थितः (samutthitaḥ) - had existed (for a long time) (risen, stood up, originated, existed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samutthita

samutthita - risen, stood up, existed, produced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √sthā (class 1, to stand) with prefixes sam- (together, thoroughly) and ud- (up).

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yaḥ.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Jaṭāyu) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to yaḥ.

अयम् (ayam) - this (one, referring to Jaṭāyu) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Proximate pronoun.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

हतः (hataḥ) - slain (struck, killed, destroyed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, destroyed, harmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (class 2, to strike, to kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with saḥ and ayam.

शेते (śete) - lies (dead) (lies down, sleeps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of śī

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice of √śī (class 2).

Root: śī (class 2)

कालः (kālaḥ) - Time (personified as destroyer) (time, death, destiny)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, proper time, death, destiny

हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

दुरतिक्रमः (duratikramaḥ) - irresistible (difficult to overcome, irresistible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duratikrama

duratikrama - difficult to overcome, irresistible, insurmountable

Compound of dur- (difficult) + atikrama (transgression, passing over).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+atikrama)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty.
• atikrama – transgression, passing over, overcoming
  noun (masculine)
  From ati-√kram.
  Prefix: ati
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

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