वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-64, verse-2

ममायं नूनमर्थेषु यतमानो विहंगमः ।
राक्षसेन हतः संख्ये प्राणांस्त्यजति दुस्त्यजान् ॥२॥

2. mamāyaṃ nūnamartheṣu yatamāno vihaṃgamaḥ ,
rākṣasena hataḥ saṃkhye prāṇāṃstyajati dustyajān.

2. mama ayam nūnam artheṣu yatamānaḥ vihaṅgamaḥ
rākṣasena hataḥ saṅkhye prāṇān tyajati dustyajān

2. nūnam ayam vihaṅgamaḥ mama artheṣu yatamānaḥ
rākṣasena saṅkhye hataḥ dustyajān prāṇān tyajati

2. Surely, this bird, striving in my interests, has been killed in battle by a demon and is now giving up his formidable (difficult-to-abandon) life breaths (prāṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• मम (mama) - my, mine, of me

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, indeed, certainly

• अर्थेषु (artheṣu) - in purposes, in interests, in matters, for the sake of

• यतमानः (yatamānaḥ) - striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself

• विहङ्गमः (vihaṅgamaḥ) - the bird Jaṭāyu (bird, sky-goer)

• राक्षसेन (rākṣasena) - by a demon, by a Rākṣasa

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in conflict, in war

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life breaths, vital airs, lives

• त्यजति (tyajati) - he gives up, abandons, relinquishes

• दुस्त्यजान् (dustyajān) - difficult to abandon, hard to relinquish, formidable

Words meanings and morphology

मम (mama) - my, mine, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

अर्थेषु (artheṣu) - in purposes, in interests, in matters, for the sake of

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, interest

यतमानः (yatamānaḥ) - striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatamāna

yatamāna - striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yat (1st class, Ātmanepada) with śānac suffix.

Root: yat (class 1)

विहङ्गमः (vihaṅgamaḥ) - the bird Jaṭāyu (bird, sky-goer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihaṅgama

vihaṅgama - bird, sky-goer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viha+gama)

• viha – sky, air
  noun (masculine)
• gama – going, goer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root gam 'to go'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

राक्षसेन (rākṣasena) - by a demon, by a Rākṣasa

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, Rākṣasa

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, slain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (2nd class) 'to strike, kill'.

Root: han (class 2)

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in conflict, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, conflict

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life breaths, vital airs, lives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit

त्यजति (tyajati) - he gives up, abandons, relinquishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

दुस्त्यजान् (dustyajān) - difficult to abandon, hard to relinquish, formidable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dustyaja

dustyaja - difficult to abandon, hard to relinquish

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from prefix dus (difficult) and root tyaj (to abandon) with -a suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+tyaja)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• tyaja – to be abandoned, abandoning
  participle (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root tyaj 'to abandon'.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

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