वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-64, verse-1

रामः प्रेक्ष्य तु तं गृध्रं भुवि रौद्रेण पातितम् ।
सौमित्रिं मित्रसंपन्नमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. rāmaḥ prekṣya tu taṃ gṛdhraṃ bhuvi raudreṇa pātitam ,
saumitriṃ mitrasaṃpannamidaṃ vacanamabravīt.

1. rāmaḥ prekṣya tu tam gṛdhram bhuvi raudreṇa pātitam
saumitrim mitrasampannam idam vacanam abravīt

1. rāmaḥ tu raudreṇa bhuvi pātitam tam gṛdhram prekṣya mitrasampannam saumitrim idam vacanam abravīt.

1. Rama, upon seeing that vulture struck down fiercely on the ground, then addressed these words to Lakshmana, his loyal friend.

Words meanings summery:

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having looked

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• गृध्रम् (gṛdhram) - vulture

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

• रौद्रेण (raudreṇa) - by the fierce Ravana (by a fierce one, by a terrible one)

• पातितम् (pātitam) - struck down, caused to fall, felled

• सौमित्रिम् (saumitrim) - to Sumitra's son, to Lakshmana

• मित्रसम्पन्नम् (mitrasampannam) - his good friend (endowed with friends, having friends)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the hero)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having looked

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From verb pra-īkṣ 'to look at, observe' + lyap suffix (after upasarga).

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used for emphasis or slight contrast.

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the vulture.

गृध्रम् (gṛdhram) - vulture

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground

Note: Alternative form of bhūmyām.

रौद्रेण (raudreṇa) - by the fierce Ravana (by a fierce one, by a terrible one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - fierce, terrible, cruel, relating to Rudra

Note: Used as a noun here, referring to the agent of the action (Ravana).

पातितम् (pātitam) - struck down, caused to fall, felled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, struck down, felled

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From causative of verb √pat 'to fall' + kta suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'gṛdhram'.

सौमित्रिम् (saumitrim) - to Sumitra's son, to Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitra, Lakshmana

Patronymic from Sumitrā.

मित्रसम्पन्नम् (mitrasampannam) - his good friend (endowed with friends, having friends)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mitrasampanna

mitrasampanna - endowed with friends, having friends, having faithful allies

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mitra+sampanna)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (neuter)
• sampanna – endowed with, furnished with, accomplished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb sam-pad 'to be endowed with, succeed' + kta suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'saumitrim'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Adjective referring to 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

From verb √vac 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Aorist-like formation in some contexts.

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