वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-43, verse-8

किं हि संशयमापन्ने तस्मिन्निह मया भवेत् ।
कर्तव्यमिह तिष्ठन्त्या यत् प्रधानस्त्वमागतः ॥८॥

8. kiṃ hi saṃśayamāpanne tasminniha mayā bhavet ,
kartavyamiha tiṣṭhantyā yat pradhānastvamāgataḥ.

8. kiṃ hi saṃśayam āpanne tasmin iha mayā bhavet |
kartavyam iha tiṣṭhantyā yat pradhānaḥ tvam āgataḥ

8. kiṃ hi mayā iha tiṣṭhantyā tasmin saṃśayam āpanne
bhavet yat tvam pradhānaḥ āgataḥ kartavyam

8. Indeed, what could be done by me, remaining here, if he (Rama) has fallen into danger? Since you, the principal one, have arrived, what is my duty?

Words meanings summery:

• किं (kiṁ) - What? (what? how? why?)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - danger, uncertainty (doubt, danger, uncertainty)

• आपन्ने (āpanne) - having fallen into (danger) (having reached, having obtained, having fallen into)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - with regard to him (Rama) (in him, on him, with regard to him)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (done) (it should be, it would be, may it be)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - duty, what is to be done (to be done, duty, action)

• इह (iha) - here (in this place) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• तिष्ठन्त्या (tiṣṭhantyā) - by me, remaining here (by the one standing, by the one remaining)

• यत् (yat) - since (that, which, because, since)

• प्रधानः (pradhānaḥ) - the principal one (protector) (chief, principal, important one)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Lakshmana) (you)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived (arrived, come)

Words meanings and morphology

किं (kiṁ) - What? (what? how? why?)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - danger, uncertainty (doubt, danger, uncertainty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, danger, risk

From sam-śī (to doubt).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Object of āpanne.

आपन्ने (āpanne) - having fallen into (danger) (having reached, having obtained, having fallen into)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, fallen into, undergone

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ā-pad (to obtain, fall into).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies tasmin. Part of a locative absolute construction with tasmin.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - with regard to him (Rama) (in him, on him, with regard to him)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama, part of a locative absolute construction.

इह (iha) - here (in this situation) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Agent in passive construction.

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (done) (it should be, it would be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, active voice

3rd person singular, optative.

Root: bhū (class 1)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - duty, what is to be done (to be done, duty, action)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, duty

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root kṛ with suffix -tavya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of bhavet.

इह (iha) - here (in this place) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठन्त्या (tiṣṭhantyā) - by me, remaining here (by the one standing, by the one remaining)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, being

Present Active Participle

From root sthā (to stand, remain), present stem tiṣṭha. Feminine form tiṣṭhantī.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies mayā (implied).

यत् (yat) - since (that, which, because, since)

(indeclinable)

प्रधानः (pradhānaḥ) - the principal one (protector) (chief, principal, important one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, prominent, fundamental, primary cause (Prakṛti)

From pra-dhā (to place before, present).

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of āgataḥ.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Lakshmana) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Refers to Lakshmana (masculine).

आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived (arrived, come)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, returned

Past Passive Participle

From ā-gam (to come).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tvam.

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