वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-43, verse-4

रक्षसां वशमापन्नं सिंहानामिव गोवृषम् ।
न जगाम तथोक्तस्तु भ्रातुराज्ञाय शासनम् ॥४॥

4. rakṣasāṃ vaśamāpannaṃ siṃhānāmiva govṛṣam ,
na jagāma tathoktastu bhrāturājñāya śāsanam.

4. rakṣasām vaśam āpannam siṃhānām iva govr̥ṣam na
jagāma tathā uktah tu bhrātuḥ ājñāya śāsanam

4. (Lakṣmaṇaḥ) tathā uktah tu bhrātuḥ śāsanam ājñāya
rakṣasām vaśam āpannam siṃhānām iva govr̥ṣam na jagāma

4. Even though he was thus instructed, he did not go, having understood his brother's command, (to help Rama who was) like a bull among cows fallen into the power of demons (rākṣasāḥ), or like a bull caught by lions.

Words meanings summery:

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of demons, of rākṣasas

• वशम् (vaśam) - power, control, subjection

• आपन्नम् (āpannam) - having attained, fallen into, obtained

• सिंहानाम् (siṁhānām) - of lions

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• गोव्र्̥षम् (govr̥ṣam) - implicitly referring to Rama as a strong, noble person (bull, lord of cows, excellent bull)

• न (na) - not

• जगाम (jagāma) - Lakṣmaṇa did not go (to help Rama) (went, did go)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (spoken to by Sītā) (thus, in that manner, so)

• उक्तह् (uktah) - (Lakṣmaṇa) thus spoken to (by Sītā) (spoken, said, told)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of his brother (Rama) (of the brother)

• आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having understood, having known

• शासनम् (śāsanam) - command, instruction, order

Words meanings and morphology

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of demons, of rākṣasas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa, evil spirit

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

वशम् (vaśam) - power, control, subjection

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - power, control, will, subjection

Root: vaś (class 2)

आपन्नम् (āpannam) - having attained, fallen into, obtained

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, reached, fallen into, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `āp` with prefix `ā-` and suffix `-ta` (nna due to assimilation).

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

सिंहानाम् (siṁhānām) - of lions

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of siṃha

siṁha - lion

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

गोव्र्̥षम् (govr̥ṣam) - implicitly referring to Rama as a strong, noble person (bull, lord of cows, excellent bull)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of govr̥ṣa

govr̥ṣa - bull, chief bull, lord of cows

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+vr̥ṣa)

• go – cow, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• vr̥ṣa – bull, male, showerer, best, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vr̥ṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

जगाम (jagāma) - Lakṣmaṇa did not go (to help Rama) (went, did go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Tense

Formed from root `gam` (Gaccha-), perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: gam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus (spoken to by Sītā) (thus, in that manner, so)

(indeclinable)

उक्तह् (uktah) - (Lakṣmaṇa) thus spoken to (by Sītā) (spoken, said, told)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, uttered

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `vac` (to speak) with suffix `-ta`, `vac` becomes `uc` then `uk` before `ta`.

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of his brother (Rama) (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

आज्ञाय (ājñāya) - having understood, having known

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `jñā` with prefix `ā-` and suffix `-ya` (for prefixed roots).

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

शासनम् (śāsanam) - command, instruction, order

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śāsana

śāsana - command, instruction, rule, teaching, governing

From root `śās` (to command, instruct).

Root: śās (class 2)

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