वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-43, verse-23

कथमिन्दीवरश्यामं रामं पद्मनिभेक्षणम् ।
उपसंश्रित्य भर्तारं कामयेयं पृथग्जनम् ॥२३॥

23. kathamindīvaraśyāmaṃ rāmaṃ padmanibhekṣaṇam ,
upasaṃśritya bhartāraṃ kāmayeyaṃ pṛthagjanam.

23. katham indīvaraśyāmam rāmam padmanibhekṣaṇam
upasaṃśritya bhartāram kāmayeyam pṛthagjanam

23. indīvaraśyāmam padmanibhekṣaṇam bhartāram rāmam upasaṃśritya,
aham pṛthagjanam katham kāmayeyam?

23. Having sought refuge in my husband Rāma, who is dark like a blue lotus and whose eyes resemble lotuses, how could I possibly desire any other ordinary person?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• इन्दीवरश्यामम् (indīvaraśyāmam) - dark like a blue lotus

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

• पद्मनिभेक्षणम् (padmanibhekṣaṇam) - whose eyes resemble lotuses, lotus-eyed

• उपसंश्रित्य (upasaṁśritya) - having taken refuge in, having resorted to

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband, maintainer, lord

• कामयेयम् (kāmayeyam) - I should desire, I would desire

• पृथग्जनम् (pṛthagjanam) - another person, an ordinary person, a common man

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses a rhetorical question.

इन्दीवरश्यामम् (indīvaraśyāmam) - dark like a blue lotus

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of indīvaraśyāma

indīvaraśyāma - dark-blue like a blue lotus

Compound of 'indīvara' (blue lotus) and 'śyāma' (dark, dark-blue).

Compound type : upama-karmadhāraya (indīvara+śyāma)

• indīvara – blue lotus
  noun (neuter)
• śyāma – dark, black, dark-blue, dark-brown
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmam'.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name)

Note: Object of the gerund 'upasaṃśritya'.

पद्मनिभेक्षणम् (padmanibhekṣaṇam) - whose eyes resemble lotuses, lotus-eyed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of padmanibhekṣaṇa

padmanibhekṣaṇa - having lotus-like eyes

Compound of 'padma' (lotus), 'nibha' (like, resembling), and 'īkṣaṇa' (eye).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (padma+nibha+īkṣaṇa)

• padma – lotus
  noun (neuter)
• nibha – like, resembling, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
• īkṣaṇa – eye, seeing, looking
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'īkṣ' (to see).
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmam'.

उपसंश्रित्य (upasaṁśritya) - having taken refuge in, having resorted to

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) from root 'śri' (to resort to) with prefixes 'upa' and 'sam'.

Prefixes: upa+sam

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating a prior action.

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - husband, maintainer, lord

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - sustainer, supporter, master, husband

Agent noun from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmam'.

कामयेयम् (kāmayeyam) - I should desire, I would desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kam

Desiderative/Causative root

From root 'kam' (to desire), in the desiderative/causative (denominative) stem 'kāmaya'.

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Expresses a rhetorical question, 'how could I desire?'.

पृथग्जनम् (pṛthagjanam) - another person, an ordinary person, a common man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pṛthagjana

pṛthagjana - an ordinary person, a common man, another person, a stranger

Compound of 'pṛthak' (separate, distinct, apart) and 'jana' (person, man).

Compound type : avyayībhāva / karmadhāraya (pṛthak+jana)

• pṛthak – separately, apart, distinct
  indeclinable
• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'kāmayeyam'.

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