वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-43, verse-18

राक्षसा विधिना वाचो विसृजन्ति महावने ।
हिंसाविहारा वैदेहि न चिन्तयितुमर्हसि ॥१८॥

18. rākṣasā vidhinā vāco visṛjanti mahāvane ,
hiṃsāvihārā vaidehi na cintayitumarhasi.

18. rākṣasāḥ vidhinā vācaḥ visṛjanti mahāvane
hiṃsāvihārāḥ vaidehi na cintayitum arhasi

18. vaidehi,
hiṃsāvihārāḥ rākṣasāḥ vidhinā vācaḥ mahāvane visṛjanti.
na cintayitum arhasi.

18. O Vaidehi, the demons, whose very sport is violence, utter their cries in this great forest. You should not worry.

Words meanings summery:

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons (demons, rakshasas)

• विधिना (vidhinā) - according to their nature / by custom (of war cries) (by rule, by custom, according to custom, properly)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - war cries / utterances (words, voices, speeches)

• विसृजन्ति (visṛjanti) - they utter (cries) (they utter, they emit, they abandon)

• महावने (mahāvane) - in this great forest (in the great forest)

• हिंसाविहाराः (hiṁsāvihārāḥ) - whose very sport is violence (delighting in violence, whose sport is violence)

• वैदेहि (vaidehi) - O Sita (O daughter of Videha (Sita))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• चिन्तयितुम् (cintayitum) - to worry (to think, to reflect, to worry)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (not) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons (demons, rakshasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a rakshasa

From rakṣ (to guard, protect) or from root rakṣ with an unusual derivation (Pāṇini 3.2.148).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of visṛjanti.

विधिना (vidhinā) - according to their nature / by custom (of war cries) (by rule, by custom, according to custom, properly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, manner, custom, fate, ordinance, destiny

From vi + dhā (to place, arrange).

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

वाचः (vācaḥ) - war cries / utterances (words, voices, speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, sound

Root vāc (to speak) but often treated as a noun.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of visṛjanti.

विसृजन्ति (visṛjanti) - they utter (cries) (they utter, they emit, they abandon)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sṛj

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, active voice, from vi + sṛj.

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

महावने (mahāvane) - in this great forest (in the great forest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - a great forest

Compound of mahā (great) and vana (forest).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat (great)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

हिंसाविहाराः (hiṁsāvihārāḥ) - whose very sport is violence (delighting in violence, whose sport is violence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hiṃsāvihāra

hiṁsāvihāra - whose sport or pastime is violence, delighting in mischief

Compound of hiṃsā (violence) and vihāra (sport, pastime).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hiṃsā+vihāra)

• hiṃsā – violence, injury, harm
  noun (feminine)
  From root hiṃs (to injure).
  Root: hiṃs (class 7)
• vihāra – sport, recreation, pastime, wandering
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + hṛ (to take, carry).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rākṣasāḥ.

वैदेहि (vaidehi) - O Sita (O daughter of Videha (Sita))

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - daughter of Videha, a princess of Videha (Sita)

Feminine derivative of Videha (the kingdom/its king).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

चिन्तयितुम् (cintayitum) - to worry (to think, to reflect, to worry)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of cint

infinitive (causative stem)

Infinitive of purpose from the causative stem of root cit.

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Object of arhasi.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (not) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active Indicative

2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Takes an infinitive.

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