वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-94, verse-41

तेषां गुप्तिपरीहारैः कच्चित्ते भरणं कृतम् ।
रक्ष्या हि राज्ञा धर्मेण सर्वे विषयवासिनः ॥४१॥

41. teṣāṃ guptiparīhāraiḥ kaccitte bharaṇaṃ kṛtam ,
rakṣyā hi rājñā dharmeṇa sarve viṣayavāsinaḥ.

41. teṣām guptiparīhāraiḥ kaccit te bharaṇam kṛtam
rakṣyāḥ hi rājñā dharmeṇa sarve viṣayavāsinaḥ

41. I hope that you have provided for their maintenance through protection and by averting dangers. Indeed, all inhabitants of the land must be protected by the king in accordance with natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (people) (of them, their)

• गुप्तिपरीहारैः (guptiparīhāraiḥ) - by protection and prevention of harm, by safety measures and remedies

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that..., whether, perhaps

• ते (te) - by you (referring to the king) (by you, for you, to you, your)

• भरणम् (bharaṇam) - maintenance, support, sustenance

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

• रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - to be protected, should be protected

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law (dharma), by righteousness, according to duty

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• विषयवासिनः (viṣayavāsinaḥ) - inhabitants of a country/region

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (people) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the subjects of the king, implied from the context of 'residents of the kingdom'.

गुप्तिपरीहारैः (guptiparīhāraiḥ) - by protection and prevention of harm, by safety measures and remedies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guptiparīhāra

guptiparīhāra - protection and prevention of harm, safety measures and remedies

Compound type : dvandva (gupti+parīhāra)

• gupti – protection, concealment
  noun (feminine)
  From √gup (to protect)
  Root: gup (class 1)
• parīhāra – avoidance, prevention, remedy
  noun (masculine)
  From pari-√hṛ
  Prefix: pari
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that..., whether, perhaps

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to express a wish or expectation, implying a question.

ते (te) - by you (referring to the king) (by you, for you, to you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form, here implying instrumental case as agent in a passive construction.

भरणम् (bharaṇam) - maintenance, support, sustenance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bharaṇa

bharaṇa - maintenance, support, carrying

From √bhṛ (to bear, carry, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used as the subject of the passive verb 'kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a passive verb in this construction.

रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - to be protected, should be protected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣya

rakṣya - to be protected, fit to be protected

Gerundive

From √rakṣ (to protect)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective, indicating necessity.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Agent of the passive gerundive 'rakṣyāḥ'.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by natural law (dharma), by righteousness, according to duty

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the manner or means of protection.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'viṣayavāsinaḥ'.

विषयवासिनः (viṣayavāsinaḥ) - inhabitants of a country/region

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣayavāsin

viṣayavāsin - resident of a country/region, subject

Compound of viṣaya and vāsin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣaya+vāsin)

• viṣaya – country, dominion, sphere, object
  noun (masculine)
• vāsin – dwelling, resident, inhabitant
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/active participle
  From √vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

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