वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-94, verse-33

धर्मशास्त्रेषु मुख्येषु विद्यमानेषु दुर्बुधाः ।
बुद्धिमान् वीक्षिकीं प्राप्य निरर्थं प्रवदन्ति ते ॥३३॥

33. dharmaśāstreṣu mukhyeṣu vidyamāneṣu durbudhāḥ ,
buddhimān vīkṣikīṃ prāpya nirarthaṃ pravadanti te.

33. dharmaśāstreṣu mukhyeṣu vidyamāneṣu durbudhāḥ
buddhimān vīkṣikīṃ prāpya nirarthaṃ pravadanti te

33. mukhyeṣu dharmaśāstreṣu vidyamāneṣu (api) buddhimān
vīkṣikīṃ prāpya (api) durbudhāḥ te nirarthaṃ pravadanti

33. Even when the principal sacred law texts (dharmaśāstra) are available, and though an intelligent person (buddhimān) might engage in critical inquiry (vīkṣikī), these foolish people (durbudhāḥ) speak meaninglessly.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मशास्त्रेषु (dharmaśāstreṣu) - in the sacred law texts, in the treatises on natural law

• मुख्येषु (mukhyeṣu) - in the principal, in the foremost

• विद्यमानेषु (vidyamāneṣu) - being present, existing, available

• दुर्बुधाः (durbudhāḥ) - foolish, ignorant, those of poor intellect

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - an intelligent person, wise

• वीक्षिकीं (vīkṣikīṁ) - logic, critical inquiry, a branch of knowledge

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having acquired

• निरर्थं (nirarthaṁ) - meaninglessly, uselessly, vainly

• प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they speak, they say, they declare

• ते (te) - they

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मशास्त्रेषु (dharmaśāstreṣu) - in the sacred law texts, in the treatises on natural law

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of dharmaśāstra

dharmaśāstra - treatise on sacred law, legal treatise, scripture on natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+śāstra)

• dharma – sacred law, duty, righteousness, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śāstra – treatise, science, scripture, rule, doctrine
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)

मुख्येषु (mukhyeṣu) - in the principal, in the foremost

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of mukhya

mukhya - principal, chief, foremost, primary

From mukha (face) + ya suffix.

Note: Agrees with dharmaśāstreṣu.

विद्यमानेषु (vidyamāneṣu) - being present, existing, available

(participle)

Locative, neuter, plural of vidyamāna

vidyamāna - existing, being present, available

Present Middle Participle

From root vid (to be) + śānac (māna) suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with dharmaśāstreṣu.

दुर्बुधाः (durbudhāḥ) - foolish, ignorant, those of poor intellect

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durbudha

durbudha - foolish, ignorant, unintelligent, having a bad intellect

From dur (bad, difficult) + budha (wise, intelligent).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+budha)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
• budha – wise, intelligent, learned person
  noun (masculine)
  From root budh (to know, perceive).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'people of poor intellect'.

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - an intelligent person, wise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, possessing intellect

From buddhi (intellect) + matup suffix.

वीक्षिकीं (vīkṣikīṁ) - logic, critical inquiry, a branch of knowledge

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vīkṣikī

vīkṣikī - logic, dialectics, critical inquiry, philosophy, branch of knowledge

From root īkṣ (to see, perceive) with prefix vi and suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having acquired

(indeclinable participle)

Note: Connects an action to the main verb's subject.

निरर्थं (nirarthaṁ) - meaninglessly, uselessly, vainly

(indeclinable)

From nir (without) + artha (meaning, purpose).

प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they speak, they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pravad

Present Active Indicative

From pra + root vad (to speak).

Prefix: pra

Root: vad (class 1)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to durbudhāḥ.

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