वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-94, verse-27

कालातिक्रमणे ह्येव भक्त वेतनयोर्भृताः ।
भर्तुः कुप्यन्ति दुष्यन्ति सो ऽनर्थः सुमहान् स्मृतः ॥२७॥

27. kālātikramaṇe hyeva bhakta vetanayorbhṛtāḥ ,
bhartuḥ kupyanti duṣyanti so'narthaḥ sumahān smṛtaḥ.

27. kālātīkrameṇe hi eva bhaktavetanayoḥ bhṛtāḥ bhartuḥ
kupyanti duṣyanti saḥ anarthaḥ sumahān smṛtaḥ

27. hi eva kālātīkrameṇe bhaktavetanayoḥ bhṛtāḥ bhartuḥ
kupyanti duṣyanti saḥ sumahān anarthaḥ smṛtaḥ

27. Indeed, when there is a delay in providing food and wages, employees become angry with their master and grow disloyal. That is considered a very great misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• कालातीक्रमेणे (kālātīkrameṇe) - in the delay of time, in the transgression of time, on delay of time

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• भक्तवेतनयोः (bhaktavetanayoḥ) - of food and wages

• भृताः (bhṛtāḥ) - employees (maintained, supported, employed, servants, employees)

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - to the master (with kupyanti) (of the master, to the master, by the master)

• कुप्यन्ति (kupyanti) - they become angry, they are angry

• दुष्यन्ति (duṣyanti) - they become corrupted, they become disloyal, they are spoiled

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - misfortune, calamity, evil, absurdity

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, very mighty, very large

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (remembered, considered, known, traditional)

Words meanings and morphology

कालातीक्रमेणे (kālātīkrameṇe) - in the delay of time, in the transgression of time, on delay of time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kālātīkrama

kālātīkrama - transgression of time, delay, passing of time

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+atīkrama)

• kāla – time, period, proper season
  noun (masculine)
• atīkrama – transgression, passing over, delay
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kram with upasarga ati-
  Prefix: ati
  Root: kram (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

भक्तवेतनयोः (bhaktavetanayoḥ) - of food and wages

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of bhaktavetana

bhaktavetana - food and wages

Compound type : dvandva (bhakta+vetana)

• bhakta – food, provision, meal
  noun (neuter)
• vetana – wages, salary, pay
  noun (neuter)

Note: Could also be locative dual based on termination, but genitive fits the context of 'of food and wages'.

भृताः (bhṛtāḥ) - employees (maintained, supported, employed, servants, employees)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛta

bhṛta - maintained, supported, nourished, hired, an employee, a servant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhṛ with suffix -ta

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - to the master (with kupyanti) (of the master, to the master, by the master)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - master, lord, husband, supporter, maintainer

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used here with verbs expressing anger (kupyanti), which often take the dative or genitive case.

कुप्यन्ति (kupyanti) - they become angry, they are angry

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of kup

Root: kup (class 4)

दुष्यन्ति (duṣyanti) - they become corrupted, they become disloyal, they are spoiled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of duṣ

Root: duṣ (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - misfortune, calamity, evil, absurdity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, evil, worthlessness, absurdity

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+artha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, advantage
  noun (masculine)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, very mighty, very large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, very powerful

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Intensive prefix
• mahat – great, large, mighty, important
  adjective (masculine)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered (remembered, considered, known, traditional)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recalled, considered, known, traditional

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smṛ with suffix -ta

Root: smṛ (class 1)

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