वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-94, verse-2

क्व नु ते ऽभूत् पिता तात यदरण्यं त्वमागतः ।
न हि त्वं जीवतस्तस्य वनमागन्तुमर्हसि ॥२॥

2. kva nu te'bhūt pitā tāta yadaraṇyaṃ tvamāgataḥ ,
na hi tvaṃ jīvatastasya vanamāgantumarhasi.

2. kva nu te abhūt pitā tāta yat araṇyam tvam āgataḥ
na hi tvam jīvataḥ tasya vanam āgantum arhasi

2. tāta kva nu te pitā abhūt yat tvam araṇyam āgataḥ
hi tvam tasya jīvataḥ vanam āgantum na arhasi

2. My dear one, where is your father, since you have come to the forest? You certainly should not come to the forest while he is alive.

Words meanings summery:

• क्व (kva) - where, in what place

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle of inquiry or assertion)

• ते (te) - your (Bharata's) (your, of you)

• अभूत् (abhūt) - was, became, existed

• पिता (pitā) - King Dasharatha (father)

• तात (tāta) - my dear one (Bharata) (dear one, father, son (term of endearment))

• यत् (yat) - why, since, because

• अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest, wilderness

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Bharata) (you (singular))

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Bharata) (you (singular))

• जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - of your living father (of the living, while living)

• तस्य (tasya) - of your father (his, of him)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• आगन्तुम् (āgantum) - to come, to approach

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

क्व (kva) - where, in what place

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle of inquiry or assertion)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Used to express curiosity or concern.

ते (te) - your (Bharata's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural)

Enclitic form of genitive/dative of 'tvam' (2nd person singular).

Note: Refers to Bharata.

अभूत् (abhūt) - was, became, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of bhū

Aorist, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root aorist form of 'bhū' (class 1).

Root: bhū (class 1)

पिता (pitā) - King Dasharatha (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

r-stem noun.

Note: Refers to King Dasharatha.

तात (tāta) - my dear one (Bharata) (dear one, father, son (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear, my dear, father, son, venerable person

Vocative use.

यत् (yat) - why, since, because

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'yad'.

अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest, wilderness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, desert, remote region

Note: Object of 'āgataḥ'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Bharata) (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural)

Pronominal stem for second person.

Note: Subject of 'āgataḥ'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, returned, present

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (class 1, to go) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Bharata) (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural)

Pronominal stem for second person.

Note: Subject of 'arhasi'.

जीवतः (jīvataḥ) - of your living father (of the living, while living)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing, having life

Present Active Participle

From root 'jīv' (class 1, to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of your father (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Genitive singular of 'tad'.

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Object of 'āgantum'.

आगन्तुम् (āgantum) - to come, to approach

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root 'gam' (class 1, to go) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice

From root 'arh' (class 1).

Root: arh (class 1)

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