वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-85, verse-5

किमर्थं चापि निक्षिप्य दूरे बलमिहागतः ।
कस्मान्नेहोपयातो ऽसि सबलः पुरुषर्षभ ॥५॥

5. kimarthaṃ cāpi nikṣipya dūre balamihāgataḥ ,
kasmānnehopayāto'si sabalaḥ puruṣarṣabha.

5. kimartham ca api nikṣipya dūre balam iha āgataḥ
kasmāt na iha upāyātaḥ asi sabalaḥ puruṣarṣabha

5. puruṣarṣabha,
kimartham ca api balam dūre nikṣipya iha āgataḥ? kasmāt sabalaḥ iha na upāyātaḥ asi?

5. O best among men (puruṣarṣabha), why have you come here after leaving your army far away? And why have you not arrived here with your forces?

Words meanings summery:

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• निक्षिप्य (nikṣipya) - having thrown down, having left, having placed

• दूरे (dūre) - far away, at a distance

• बलम् (balam) - army, military force (army, strength, force)

• इह (iha) - here (to this place) (here, in this world)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why)

• न (na) - not, no

• इह (iha) - here (to this place) (here, in this world)

• उपायातः (upāyātaḥ) - approached, come near, arrived

• असि (asi) - you are

• सबलः (sabalaḥ) - with your army (with strength, with an army)

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - Addressing Bharata (O best among men, O foremost man)

Words meanings and morphology

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

निक्षिप्य (nikṣipya) - having thrown down, having left, having placed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

root kṣip + ni (prefix) + lyap

Prefix: ni

Root: kṣip (class 6)

दूरे (dūre) - far away, at a distance

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of dūra (neuter) used adverbially.

बलम् (balam) - army, military force (army, strength, force)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

इह (iha) - here (to this place) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

root gam + ā (prefix) + kta

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'you'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (from what, why)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Used adverbially here for 'why'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (to this place) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

उपायातः (upāyātaḥ) - approached, come near, arrived

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāyāta

upāyāta - approached, come near, arrived

Past Passive Participle

root yā + upa (prefix) + ā (prefix) + kta

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'you'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present active

2nd person singular present active indicative

Root: as (class 2)

सबलः (sabalaḥ) - with your army (with strength, with an army)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sabala

sabala - possessed of strength, powerful, having an army

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+bala)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'you'.

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - Addressing Bharata (O best among men, O foremost man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, best of men, foremost man

puruṣa (man) + ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound meaning 'bull of men' by metaphor means 'best of men'.

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