वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-85, verse-42

याभिर्गृहीतः पुरुषः सोन्माद इव लक्ष्यते ।
आगुर्विंशतिसाहस्रा नन्दनादप्सरोगणाः ॥४२॥

42. yābhirgṛhītaḥ puruṣaḥ sonmāda iva lakṣyate ,
āgurviṃśatisāhasrā nandanādapsarogaṇāḥ.

42. yābhiḥ gṛhītaḥ puruṣaḥ sa-unmādaḥ iva lakṣyate
āguḥ viṃśati sāhasrāḥ nandanāt apsaras-gaṇāḥ

42. yābhiḥ gṛhītaḥ puruṣaḥ sa-unmādaḥ iva lakṣyate,
nandanāt viṃśati sāhasrāḥ apsaras-gaṇāḥ āguḥ

42. From Nandana arrived twenty thousand throngs of Apsaras (celestial nymphs), by whom a man, if seized, appears as if mad.

Words meanings summery:

• याभिः (yābhiḥ) - by whom, by which (feminine plural)

• गृहीतः (gṛhītaḥ) - seized, caught, taken

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man, a person (puruṣa)

• स-उन्मादः (sa-unmādaḥ) - with madness, mad, insane

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, appears, is perceived

• आगुः (āguḥ) - they came, they arrived

• विंशति (viṁśati) - twenty

• साहस्राः (sāhasrāḥ) - twenty thousand (in number) (thousands, consisting of a thousand)

• नन्दनात् (nandanāt) - from Nandana, the celestial pleasure garden of Indra (from Nandana)

• अप्सरस्-गणाः (apsaras-gaṇāḥ) - throngs of Apsaras, groups of celestial nymphs

Words meanings and morphology

याभिः (yābhiḥ) - by whom, by which (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of yad

yad - who, which (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the Apsaras.

गृहीतः (gṛhītaḥ) - seized, caught, taken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhīta

gṛhīta - seized, caught, taken, held

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √grah (to seize, take)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣaḥ'.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man, a person (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

स-उन्मादः (sa-unmādaḥ) - with madness, mad, insane

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-unmāda

sa-unmāda - mad, insane, crazed

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+unmāda)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• unmāda – madness, insanity, frenzy
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣaḥ'.

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, appears, is perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of lakṣ

Present tense, third person singular, passive voice

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

आगुः (āguḥ) - they came, they arrived

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of āguḥ

Perfect tense, third person plural

From √gam with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

विंशति (viṁśati) - twenty

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viṃśati

viṁśati - twenty

Note: Grammatically a feminine noun in singular, but denotes quantity.

साहस्राः (sāhasrāḥ) - twenty thousand (in number) (thousands, consisting of a thousand)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sāhasra

sāhasra - consisting of a thousand, thousand-fold, a group of a thousand

Derived from 'sahasra' (thousand) with taddhita suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'apsaras-gaṇāḥ' in sense, although apsaras-gaṇāḥ is masculine noun.

नन्दनात् (nandanāt) - from Nandana, the celestial pleasure garden of Indra (from Nandana)

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of nandana

nandana - Nandana (name of Indra's pleasure garden), delighting, pleasing

अप्सरस्-गणाः (apsaras-gaṇāḥ) - throngs of Apsaras, groups of celestial nymphs

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apsaras-gaṇa

apsaras-gaṇa - group of Apsaras

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (apsaras+gaṇa)

• apsaras – Apsara (a celestial nymph)
  noun (feminine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, throng
  noun (masculine)

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