वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-8, verse-2

हर्षं किमिदमस्थाने कृतवत्यसि बालिशे ।
शोकसागरमध्यस्थमात्मानं नावबुध्यसे ॥२॥

2. harṣaṃ kimidamasthāne kṛtavatyasi bāliśe ,
śokasāgaramadhyasthamātmānaṃ nāvabudhyase.

2. harṣam kim idam asthāne kṛtavatī asi bāliśe
śokasāgaramadhyastham ātmānam na avabudhyase

2. bāliśe,
idam harṣam asthāne kim kṛtavatī asi ? śokasāgaramadhyastham ātmānam na avabudhyase

2. O foolish one, why do you celebrate so inappropriately? You do not realize that your own self (ātman) is situated in the midst of an ocean of sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, delight, elation

• किम् (kim) - used as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why' (what, why, how)

• इदम् (idam) - referring to the joy (this (neuter))

• अस्थाने (asthāne) - in an inappropriate place or time, unsuitably

• कृतवती (kṛtavatī) - you (feminine) have done, having done

• असि (asi) - you are

• बालिशे (bāliśe) - O foolish one!, O ignorant one!

• शोकसागरमध्यस्थम् (śokasāgaramadhyastham) - situated in the midst of an ocean of sorrow

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - your self (ātman), soul

• न (na) - not, no

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you realize, you perceive

Words meanings and morphology

हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, delight, elation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, elation

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Can also be neuter, but here likely masculine accusative.

किम् (kim) - used as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why' (what, why, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an interrogative adverb meaning 'why'.

इदम् (idam) - referring to the joy (this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (neuter)

अस्थाने (asthāne) - in an inappropriate place or time, unsuitably

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of asthāna

asthāna - improper place, wrong time, unsuitability

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sthāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sthāna – place, position, occasion
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

कृतवती (kṛtavatī) - you (feminine) have done, having done

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, one who has done

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -vat, declined in feminine nominative singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This is a past active participle used predicatively with 'asi'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

बालिशे (bāliśe) - O foolish one!, O ignorant one!

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bāliśa

bāliśa - foolish, ignorant, childlike

Note: Used here as a substantive in vocative case.

शोकसागरमध्यस्थम् (śokasāgaramadhyastham) - situated in the midst of an ocean of sorrow

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śokasāgaramadhyastha

śokasāgaramadhyastha - situated in the middle of an ocean of sorrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+sāgara+madhyastha)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• madhyastha – standing in the middle, situated in the midst
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from madhya (middle) and stha (standing, from root sthā).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ātmānam'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - your self (ātman), soul

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you realize, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of budh

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Root 'budh' is Class 4 in middle voice (ātmánepadam) for 'to perceive'.

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