वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-8, verse-15

तस्माज्ज्येष्ठे हि कैकेयि राज्यतन्त्राणि पार्थिवाः ।
स्थापयन्त्यनवद्याङ्गि गुणवत्स्वितरेष्वपि ॥१५॥

15. tasmājjyeṣṭhe hi kaikeyi rājyatantrāṇi pārthivāḥ ,
sthāpayantyanavadyāṅgi guṇavatsvitareṣvapi.

15. tasmāt jyeṣṭhe hi kaikeyi rājyatantrāṇi pārthivāḥ
sthāpayanti anavadyāṅgi guṇavatsu itareṣu api

15. tasmāt hi kaikeyi anavadyāṅgi pārthivāḥ jyeṣṭhe
rājyatantrāṇi sthāpayanti itareṣu guṇavatsu api

15. Therefore, O Kaikeyī, O lady of faultless limbs, kings indeed establish the affairs of the kingdom upon the eldest (son), even when others (younger ones) are endowed with good qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• ज्येष्ठे (jyeṣṭhe) - upon the eldest (son) (upon the eldest, in the eldest)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• कैकेयि (kaikeyi) - Vocative form addressing Queen Kaikeyī. (O Kaikeyī)

• राज्यतन्त्राणि (rājyatantrāṇi) - affairs of the kingdom, matters of state, governance

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers, princes

• स्थापयन्ति (sthāpayanti) - they establish, they appoint, they place

• अनवद्याङ्गि (anavadyāṅgi) - Addressing Kaikeyī. (O lady of faultless limbs, O beautiful one)

• गुणवत्सु (guṇavatsu) - in other sons who are virtuous/endowed with good qualities. (in those possessing qualities, among the virtuous)

• इतरेषु (itareṣu) - in other (sons) (in others, among others)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

ज्येष्ठे (jyeṣṭhe) - upon the eldest (son) (upon the eldest, in the eldest)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, chief, best

Superlative of 'vṛddha' (old) or 'praśasta' (excellent).

Note: Refers to the eldest son.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

कैकेयि (kaikeyi) - Vocative form addressing Queen Kaikeyī. (O Kaikeyī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - a princess of the Kaikeya kingdom, name of a queen (mother of Bharata)

Feminine patronymic from Kikeya (Kaikeya + īñ).

राज्यतन्त्राणि (rājyatantrāṇi) - affairs of the kingdom, matters of state, governance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rājyatantra

rājyatantra - affairs of the kingdom, administration of the state, governance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+tantra)

• rājya – kingdom, state, kingship
  noun (neuter)
• tantra – system, rule, principle, instrument, a class of religious texts
  noun (neuter)

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, rulers, princes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler, prince (lit. 'belonging to the earth')

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth) + aṇ suffix.

स्थापयन्ति (sthāpayanti) - they establish, they appoint, they place

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sthāpayati

Causative verb

Derived from the root sthā (to stand) with the causative suffix ṇic.

Root: sthā (class 1)

अनवद्याङ्गि (anavadyāṅgi) - Addressing Kaikeyī. (O lady of faultless limbs, O beautiful one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of anavadyāṅgī

anavadyāṅgī - one whose limbs are faultless, a beautiful woman

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+avadya+aṅga)

• an – not, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• avadya – blame, fault, blemish
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive/Nomen Agentis
  From vad (to speak) + ya (suffix); lit. 'that which should be spoken against'.
  Root: vad (class 1)
• aṅga – limb, body part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used as a vocative.

गुणवत्सु (guṇavatsu) - in other sons who are virtuous/endowed with good qualities. (in those possessing qualities, among the virtuous)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing qualities, virtuous, meritorious

Derived from 'guṇa' (quality) with the possessive suffix '-vat'.

Note: Agrees with `itareṣu`.

इतरेषु (itareṣu) - in other (sons) (in others, among others)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different

Note: Refers to other sons.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that even if others are qualified, the eldest is chosen.

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