वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-8, verse-12

अनर्थदर्शिनी मौर्ख्यान्नात्मानमवबुध्यसे ।
शोकव्यसनविस्तीर्णे मज्जन्ती दुःखसागरे ॥१२॥

12. anarthadarśinī maurkhyānnātmānamavabudhyase ,
śokavyasanavistīrṇe majjantī duḥkhasāgare.

12. anarthadarśinī maurkkhyāt na ātmānam avabudhyase
śokavyasanavistīrṇe majjantī duḥkhasāgare

12. anarthadarśinī maurkkhyāt tvam ātmānam na
avabudhyase śokavyasanavistīrṇe duḥkhasāgare majjantī

12. O you who perceive misfortune (anarthadarśinī), due to foolishness, you do not understand yourself (ātman). You are sinking in a vast ocean of sorrow (duḥkhasāgara), filled with grief and calamity.

Words meanings summery:

• अनर्थदर्शिनी (anarthadarśinī) - one who, ironically, sees misfortune (but not her own true predicament) (seeing misfortune, one who perceives harm)

• मौर्क्ख्यात् (maurkkhyāt) - from foolishness, due to ignorance

• न (na) - not, no

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - yourself (yourself, the self (ātman))

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

• शोकव्यसनविस्तीर्णे (śokavyasanavistīrṇe) - vast with sorrow and calamity

• मज्जन्ती (majjantī) - sinking, drowning

• दुःखसागरे (duḥkhasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

अनर्थदर्शिनी (anarthadarśinī) - one who, ironically, sees misfortune (but not her own true predicament) (seeing misfortune, one who perceives harm)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anarthadarśin

anarthadarśin - seeing evil, perceiving harm, foreboding

Compound of anartha (misfortune) and darśin (seeing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anartha+darśin)

• anartha – misfortune, harm, evil, nonsense
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of a (not) and artha (purpose, meaning, wealth)
• darśin – seeing, showing, knowing, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dṛś
  Derived from root dṛś (to see) with -in suffix
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'you' (Kaikeyi).

मौर्क्ख्यात् (maurkkhyāt) - from foolishness, due to ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of maurkkhya

maurkkhya - foolishness, ignorance, stupidity

Derived from mūrkha (foolish)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - yourself (yourself, the self (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind, ego

Note: Object of 'avabudhyase'.

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ava-budh

Present tense form, middle voice, 2nd person singular, of root budh with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

शोकव्यसनविस्तीर्णे (śokavyasanavistīrṇe) - vast with sorrow and calamity

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokavyasanavistīrṇa

śokavyasanavistīrṇa - vast with sorrow and calamity

Compound of śoka (sorrow), vyasana (calamity), and vistīrṇa (vast, extensive)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+vyasana+vistīrṇa)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root śuc (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• vyasana – calamity, misfortune, addiction, vice
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root as (to throw) with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: as (class 4)
• vistīrṇa – vast, extensive, widespread, diffused
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root stṛ (to spread) with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkhasāgare'.

मज्जन्ती (majjantī) - sinking, drowning

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of majjat

majjat - sinking, drowning, immersing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root majj (to sink, to drown)

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'you' (Kaikeyi).

दुःखसागरे (duḥkhasāgare) - in the ocean of sorrow

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duḥkhasāgara

duḥkhasāgara - ocean of sorrow

Compound of duḥkha (sorrow) and sāgara (ocean)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+sāgara)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the metaphorical ocean in which she is sinking.

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