वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-30, verse-4

न हि रथ्याः स्म शक्यन्ते गन्तुं बहुजनाकुलाः ।
आरुह्य तस्मात् प्रासादान्दीनाः पश्यन्ति राघवम् ॥४॥

4. na hi rathyāḥ sma śakyante gantuṃ bahujanākulāḥ ,
āruhya tasmāt prāsādāndīnāḥ paśyanti rāghavam.

4. na hi rathyāḥ sma śakyante gantum bahujanākulāḥ
āruhya tasmāt prāsādān dīnāḥ paśyanti rāghavam

4. hi rathyāḥ bahujanākulāḥ na sma gantum śakyante
tasmāt dīnāḥ prāsādān āruhya rāghavam paśyanti

4. Indeed, the streets were so densely crowded with people that they could not be traversed. Therefore, having climbed the palaces, the distressed people gazed upon Rāma.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• रथ्याः (rathyāḥ) - streets, roads

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense with present verbs)

• शक्यन्ते (śakyante) - could be traversed (implying 'by people') (they are able, can be)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go, to be traversed

• बहुजनाकुलाः (bahujanākulāḥ) - crowded with many people, full of many people

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having ascended, having climbed

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• प्रासादान् (prāsādān) - palaces

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, miserable

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they behold, they gaze

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāma (descendant of Raghu)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

रथ्याः (rathyāḥ) - streets, roads

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rathyā

rathyā - street, road

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense with present verbs)

(indeclinable)

शक्यन्ते (śakyante) - could be traversed (implying 'by people') (they are able, can be)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go, to be traversed

(indeclinable)

infinitive

formed from root √gam + suffix -tum

Root: gam (class 1)

बहुजनाकुलाः (bahujanākulāḥ) - crowded with many people, full of many people

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bahujanākula

bahujanākula - crowded with many people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahu+jana+ākula)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
• ākula – crowded, full of, agitated
  adjective

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having ascended, having climbed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed with prefix ā- and root √ruh (to ascend) + suffix -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रासादान् (prāsādān) - palaces

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāsāda

prāsāda - palace, temple

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, miserable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, sorrowful

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they behold, they gaze

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present stem 'paśya'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāma (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (referring to Rāma)

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