वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-30, verse-23

तत् पूर्वमैक्ष्वाकसुतो महात्मा रामो गमिष्यन् वनमार्तरूपम् ।
व्यतिष्ठत प्रेक्ष्य तदा सुमन्त्रं पितुर्महात्मा प्रतिहारणार्थम् ॥२३॥

23. tat pūrvamaikṣvākasuto mahātmā rāmo gamiṣyan vanamārtarūpam ,
vyatiṣṭhata prekṣya tadā sumantraṃ piturmahātmā pratihāraṇārtham.

23. tat pūrvam aikṣvākasutaḥ mahātmā
rāmaḥ gamiṣyan vanam ārtarūpam
vyatiṣṭhata prekṣya tadā sumantram
pituḥ mahātmā pratihāraṇārtham

23. तत् पूर्वम् महात्मा ऐक्ष्वाकसुतः
रामः आर्त रूपम् वनम् गमिष्यन्
तदा सुमन्त्रम् प्रेक्ष्य महात्मा
पितुः प्रतिहारणार्थम् व्यतिष्ठत

23. Prior to that, the great-souled Rāma, son of Ikṣvāku, who was about to depart for the forest and appeared distressed, then stood still upon seeing Sumantra, for the purpose of bringing forth his great-souled father.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - then, prior to that event (that, then, therefore, thereby)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - prior to this, earlier (before, formerly, previously, first)

• ऐक्ष्वाकसुतः (aikṣvākasutaḥ) - Rāma, as the son of Ikṣvāku (son of Ikṣvāku)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled one (referring to Rāma) (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• गमिष्यन् (gamiṣyan) - about to go, intending to go, going

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

• आर्तरूपम् (ārtarūpam) - appearing distressed (due to his exile) (having a distressed form/appearance, sorrowful-looking)

• व्यतिष्ठत (vyatiṣṭhata) - stood still, waited (stood, remained, stayed)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, perceiving, observing

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सुमन्त्रम् (sumantram) - Sumantra (name of the charioteer)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father (King Daśaratha) (of the father, from the father)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled one (referring to King Daśaratha) (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted)

• प्रतिहारणार्थम् (pratihāraṇārtham) - for the purpose of conveying a message to his father, or bringing his father forth (for the purpose of bringing back, for causing to be conveyed, for escorting)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - then, prior to that event (that, then, therefore, thereby)

(indeclinable)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - prior to this, earlier (before, formerly, previously, first)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here adverbially.

ऐक्ष्वाकसुतः (aikṣvākasutaḥ) - Rāma, as the son of Ikṣvāku (son of Ikṣvāku)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aikṣvākasuta

aikṣvākasuta - son of Ikṣvāku

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aikṣvāka+suta)

• aikṣvāka – descendant of Ikṣvāku, relating to Ikṣvāku
  adjective/proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, born, produced
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sū (to bear, bring forth)
  Root: sū (class 4)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled one (referring to Rāma) (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, a great person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (an incarnation of Viṣṇu, son of Daśaratha)

गमिष्यन् (gamiṣyan) - about to go, intending to go, going

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gamiṣyat

gamiṣyat - going, about to go

Future Active Participle

Derived from the root gam (to go) in the future tense

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe Rāma.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, tree

आर्तरूपम् (ārtarūpam) - appearing distressed (due to his exile) (having a distressed form/appearance, sorrowful-looking)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ārtarūpa

ārtarūpa - one whose form is distressed, sorrowful appearance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārta+rūpa)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, hurt
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root ṛ (to go, to suffer)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage, describing Rāma's state while going to the forest.

व्यतिष्ठत (vyatiṣṭhata) - stood still, waited (stood, remained, stayed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyatiṣṭhata

Imperfect

3rd person singular, middle voice, prefixed by vi and ati

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: sthā (class 1)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, perceiving, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root īkṣ (to see) with the prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सुमन्त्रम् (sumantram) - Sumantra (name of the charioteer)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (name of King Daśaratha's chief minister and charioteer)

पितुः (pituḥ) - of his father (King Daśaratha) (of the father, from the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the great-souled one (referring to King Daśaratha) (great-souled, noble-minded, exalted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, a great person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

प्रतिहारणार्थम् (pratihāraṇārtham) - for the purpose of conveying a message to his father, or bringing his father forth (for the purpose of bringing back, for causing to be conveyed, for escorting)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratihāraṇa+artha)

• pratihāraṇa – sending back, causing to be conveyed, escorting, bringing back
  noun (neuter)
  nominalization of causative verb
  Derived from the root hṛ (to carry) with prefix prati, in its causative form, then nominalized.
  Prefix: prati
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

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