वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-30, verse-13

तस्मात्तस्योपघातेन प्रजाः परमपीडिताः ।
औदकानीव सत्त्वानि ग्रीष्मे सलिलसंक्षयात् ॥१३॥

13. tasmāttasyopaghātena prajāḥ paramapīḍitāḥ ,
audakānīva sattvāni grīṣme salilasaṃkṣayāt.

13. tasmāt tasya upaghātena prajāḥ paramapīḍitāḥ
audakāni iva sattvāni grīṣme salilasaṃkṣayāt

13. tasmāt tasya upaghātena prajāḥ paramapīḍitāḥ
iva audakāni sattvāni grīṣme salilasaṃkṣayāt

13. Therefore, his subjects are greatly afflicted by his injury, just like aquatic beings are in summer due to the depletion of water.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• तस्य (tasya) - his, its, of him, of it

• उपघातेन (upaghātena) - by the injury, by the harm, by the oppression, by the destruction

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, creatures, offspring

• परमपीडिताः (paramapīḍitāḥ) - greatly distressed, extremely afflicted, severely tormented

• औदकानि (audakāni) - aquatic (creatures)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सत्त्वानि (sattvāni) - beings, creatures, living entities, essences

• ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in summer, during the summer season

• सलिलसंक्षयात् (salilasaṁkṣayāt) - from the drying up of water, due to the depletion of water

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of 'tad'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, its, of him, of it

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Genitive singular of 'tad'.

उपघातेन (upaghātena) - by the injury, by the harm, by the oppression, by the destruction

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upaghāta

upaghāta - injury, harm, oppression, destruction, blow

From 'upa' + root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Prefix: upa

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Indicates the cause of suffering.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, creatures, offspring

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subjects, people, creatures, offspring, progeny

From 'pra' + root 'jan' (to be born).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb "are".

परमपीडिताः (paramapīḍitāḥ) - greatly distressed, extremely afflicted, severely tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paramapīḍita

paramapīḍita - greatly pained/distressed/afflicted

Compound of 'parama' (supreme, extreme) and 'pīḍita' (afflicted, pained - PPP from 'pīḍ').

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+pīḍita)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate, greatest
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• pīḍita – pained, distressed, afflicted, tormented
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, distress).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Participle acting as an adjective.

औदकानि (audakāni) - aquatic (creatures)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of audaka

audaka - aquatic, watery, pertaining to water

From 'udaka' (water) + suffix 'aṇ'.

Note: Agrees with 'sattvāni'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

सत्त्वानि (sattvāni) - beings, creatures, living entities, essences

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sattva

sattva - being, creature, living entity, essence, existence, reality, goodness (guṇa)

From root 'as' (to be) + suffix 'tva'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of comparison.

ग्रीष्मे (grīṣme) - in summer, during the summer season

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grīṣma

grīṣma - summer, hot season

Note: Indicates the time of distress for aquatic beings.

सलिलसंक्षयात् (salilasaṁkṣayāt) - from the drying up of water, due to the depletion of water

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of salilasaṃkṣaya

salilasaṁkṣaya - depletion of water, drying up of water

Compound of 'salila' (water) and 'saṃkṣaya' (destruction, depletion).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (salila+saṃkṣaya)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• saṃkṣaya – destruction, decrease, depletion, loss, end
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sam' + root 'kṣi' (to waste, destroy).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Indicates the reason for suffering.

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