वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-30, verse-12

आनृशंस्यमनुक्रोशः श्रुतं शीलं दमः शमः ।
राघवं शोभयन्त्येते षड्गुणाः पुरुषोत्तमम् ॥१२॥

12. ānṛśaṃsyamanukrośaḥ śrutaṃ śīlaṃ damaḥ śamaḥ ,
rāghavaṃ śobhayantyete ṣaḍguṇāḥ puruṣottamam.

12. ānṛśaṃsyam anukrośaḥ śrutam śīlam damaḥ śamaḥ
rāghavam śobhayanti ete ṣaḍguṇāḥ puruṣottamam

12. ānṛśaṃsyam anukrośaḥ śrutam śīlam damaḥ śamaḥ
ete ṣaḍguṇāḥ puruṣottamam rāghavam śobhayanti

12. Humanity, compassion, learning, good conduct, self-control, and mental tranquility – these six qualities adorn Rāghava, the supreme person (puruṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - humanity, compassion, benevolence, kindness

• अनुक्रोशः (anukrośaḥ) - pity, compassion, sympathy, mercy

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning, knowledge (especially from sacred texts), that which is heard

• शीलम् (śīlam) - good conduct, character, morality, habit

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint (of senses), subjugation

• शमः (śamaḥ) - mental tranquility, peace, calm, cessation (of passions)

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma)

• शोभयन्ति (śobhayanti) - they adorn, they make beautiful, they grace

• एते (ete) - these (masculine nominative plural)

• षड्गुणाः (ṣaḍguṇāḥ) - six qualities, six virtues

• पुरुषोत्तमम् (puruṣottamam) - the best of men, supreme person

Words meanings and morphology

आनृशंस्यम् (ānṛśaṁsyam) - humanity, compassion, benevolence, kindness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ānṛśaṃsya

ānṛśaṁsya - humanity, benevolence, kindness, compassion, absence of cruelty

From 'anṛśaṃsa' (not cruel) + suffix 'syāñ'.

Note: One of the six qualities.

अनुक्रोशः (anukrośaḥ) - pity, compassion, sympathy, mercy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anukrośa

anukrośa - pity, compassion, sympathy, mercy, lamentation

From 'anu' + root 'kruś' (to cry out, lament).

Prefix: anu

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: One of the six qualities.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning, knowledge (especially from sacred texts), that which is heard

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, learned, knowledge (especially sacred knowledge), sacred tradition

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śru' (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: One of the six qualities.

शीलम् (śīlam) - good conduct, character, morality, habit

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śīla

śīla - conduct, character, good disposition, morality, habit, nature

From root 'śī' (to lie, to rest).

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: One of the six qualities.

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint (of senses), subjugation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, control of the senses, taming

From root 'dam' (to tame, control).

Root: dam (class 4)

शमः (śamaḥ) - mental tranquility, peace, calm, cessation (of passions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - mental tranquility, calmness, peace, cessation, quietude

From root 'śam' (to be quiet, to be calm).

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Complementary to 'dama'.

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, an epithet of Rāma

Patronymic from 'raghu'.

Note: Object of 'śobhayanti'.

शोभयन्ति (śobhayanti) - they adorn, they make beautiful, they grace

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śobh

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice

Causative form of root 'śubh' (to shine, be beautiful).

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'ete ṣaḍguṇāḥ'.

एते (ete) - these (masculine nominative plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the preceding six qualities.

षड्गुणाः (ṣaḍguṇāḥ) - six qualities, six virtues

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṣaḍguṇa

ṣaḍguṇa - having six qualities/virtues, six-fold quality

Compound of 'ṣaṣ' (six) and 'guṇa' (quality/virtue).

Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṣ+guṇa)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'ete'.

पुरुषोत्तमम् (puruṣottamam) - the best of men, supreme person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣottama

puruṣottama - best of men, supreme person, an epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa/Rāma

Compound of 'puruṣa' (man/person) and 'uttama' (best/supreme).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+uttama)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, spirit, cosmic person
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine/neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'rāghavam'.

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