वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-30, verse-11

निर्गुणस्यापि पुत्रस्या काथं स्याद्विप्रवासनम् ।
किं पुनर्यस्य लोको ऽयं जितो वृत्तेन केवलम् ॥११॥

11. nirguṇasyāpi putrasyā kāthaṃ syādvipravāsanam ,
kiṃ punaryasya loko'yaṃ jito vṛttena kevalam.

11. nirguṇasya api putrasya katham syāt vipravāsanam
kim punaḥ yasya lokaḥ ayam jitaḥ vṛttena kevalam

11. nirguṇasya putrasya api vipravāsanam katham syāt
kim punaḥ yasya ayam lokaḥ vṛttena kevalam jitaḥ

11. Why would there be banishment even for a son who lacks good qualities? How much more, then, for one by whom this world has been conquered solely through his character.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्गुणस्य (nirguṇasya) - of the one without qualities, of the blameless, of the virtueless

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

• पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, would be, should be

• विप्रवासनम् (vipravāsanam) - exile, banishment, separation, removal

• किम् (kim) - what, how much more, why

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover, on the other hand

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, people, realm, universe

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he, here

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, vanquished, won

• वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct, by character, by behavior

• केवलम् (kevalam) - solely, only, merely, exclusively

Words meanings and morphology

निर्गुणस्य (nirguṇasya) - of the one without qualities, of the blameless, of the virtueless

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nirguṇa

nirguṇa - without qualities, without virtues, blameless, virtueless

Compound of 'nis' (without) and 'guṇa' (quality/virtue).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+guṇa)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe a son.

अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

पुत्रस्य (putrasya) - of the son

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

From 'kim' (what) + suffix '-tham'.

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Singular

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses possibility or potentiality.

विप्रवासनम् (vipravāsanam) - exile, banishment, separation, removal

(noun)

neuter, singular of vipravāsana

vipravāsana - banishment, exile, sending away, separation

Action noun from 'vi-pra-vas' (to send away, banish)

From root 'vas' (to dwell) with prefixes 'vi' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Here, it is the subject of 'syāt'.

किम् (kim) - what, how much more, why

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the "son" implicitly.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, people, realm, universe

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm, universe, region

From root 'lok' (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'jitaḥ'.

अयम् (ayam) - this, he, here

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'lokaḥ'.

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, vanquished, won

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, subdued, surpassed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ji' (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct, by character, by behavior

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, character, behavior, occurrence, event, that which has happened

Past Passive Participle (originally from 'vṛt' to be, to exist), here substantivized.

From root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to turn).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which the world was conquered.

केवलम् (kevalam) - solely, only, merely, exclusively

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'jitaḥ'.

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