वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-30, verse-10

अद्य नूनं दशरथः सत्त्वमाविश्य भाषते ।
न हि राजा प्रियं पुत्रं विवासयितुमर्हति ॥१०॥

10. adya nūnaṃ daśarathaḥ sattvamāviśya bhāṣate ,
na hi rājā priyaṃ putraṃ vivāsayitumarhati.

10. adya nūnam daśarathaḥ sattvam āviśya bhāṣate
na hi rājā priyam putram vivāsayitum arhati

10. nūnam adya daśarathaḥ bhāṣate sattvam āviśya
hi rājā na arhati vivāsayitum priyam putram

10. Today, surely, Dasaratha speaks as if possessed by some being (sattva), for indeed, a king should not banish a beloved son.

Words meanings summery:

• अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

• नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, certainly, indeed, perhaps (in questions)

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasaratha

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - a being (sattva) or spirit (being, essence, spirit, strength, reality)

• आविश्य (āviśya) - having entered, having possessed, having pervaded

• भाषते (bhāṣate) - he speaks, he says, he tells

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, favorite, pleasing

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• विवासयितुम् (vivāsayitum) - to cause to wander, to banish, to exile

• अर्हति (arhati) - he/she/it ought, is able, deserves

Words meanings and morphology

अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

(indeclinable)

नूनम् (nūnam) - surely, certainly, indeed, perhaps (in questions)

(indeclinable)

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasaratha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasaratha (name of Rama's father, king of Ayodhya)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - a being (sattva) or spirit (being, essence, spirit, strength, reality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - being, existence, essence, spirit, mind, true nature, courage, virtue (one of the three guṇas)

From 'sat' (being) + '-tva' (abstract suffix)

आविश्य (āviśya) - having entered, having possessed, having pervaded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Absolutive form of the root 'viś' (to enter) with the prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

भाषते (bhāṣate) - he speaks, he says, he tells

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince, sovereign

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, favorite, pleasing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, favorite

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

विवासयितुम् (vivāsayitum) - to cause to wander, to banish, to exile

(verb)

causative

Infinitive (Causative)

Causative infinitive of the root 'vas' (to dwell) with prefix 'vi-'. 'Vi-vās' means 'to cause to be without a dwelling', hence 'to banish'.

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 1)

अर्हति (arhati) - he/she/it ought, is able, deserves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

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