वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-17, verse-32

यदि ह्यकाले मरणं स्वयेच्छया लभेत कश्चिद्गुरु दुःख कर्शितः ।
गताहमद्यैव परेत संसदं विना त्वया धेनुरिवात्मजेन वै ॥३२॥

32. yadi hyakāle maraṇaṃ svayecchayā labheta kaścidguru duḥkha karśitaḥ ,
gatāhamadyaiva pareta saṃsadaṃ vinā tvayā dhenurivātmajena vai.

32. yadi hi akāle maraṇam svā-icchyā
labheta kaścit guru duḥkha-karśitaḥ
gatā aham adya eva pareta-saṃsadam
vinā tvayā dhenuḥ iva ātmajena vai

32. hi yadi kaścit guru duḥkha-karśitaḥ svā-icchyā akāle maraṇam labheta.
aham adya eva tvayā vinā ātmajena dhenuḥ iva pareta-saṃsadam gatā vai.

32. If someone greatly afflicted by sorrow could obtain an untimely death by their own will, then I would indeed go right now to the assembly of the departed (pretas), without you, like a cow separated from her calf.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अकाले (akāle) - at the wrong time, untimely

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

• स्वा-इच्छ्या (svā-icchyā) - by one's own will/desire

• लभेत (labheta) - might obtain, should obtain, would obtain

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain (person)

• गुरु (guru) - heavy, great, important, respected teacher

• दुःख-कर्शितः (duḥkha-karśitaḥ) - tormented by sorrow, afflicted by misery

• गता (gatā) - gone, arrived (feminine)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• परेत-संसदम् (pareta-saṁsadam) - assembly of the departed, assembly of ghosts

• विना (vinā) - without, except for

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you, with you

• धेनुः (dhenuḥ) - cow, milch cow

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आत्मजेन (ātmajena) - by one's own son/offspring

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction introducing a conditional clause.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अकाले (akāle) - at the wrong time, untimely

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of akāla

akāla - wrong time, untimely

Compound 'a-' (not) + 'kāla' (time).

Note: Locative indicating time.

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, decease

From root 'mṛ' (to die) with suffix '-ana'.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Direct object of 'labheta'.

स्वा-इच्छ्या (svā-icchyā) - by one's own will/desire

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of svā-icchā

svā-icchā - one's own will/desire

Instrumental singular of the compound 'svā-icchā'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+icchā)

• sva – own, self
  adjective (masculine)
• icchā – wish, desire, will
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire) with suffix '-chā'.
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Indicates the means or agent.

लभेत (labheta) - might obtain, should obtain, would obtain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of labh

Optative Middle

Third person singular, optative mood, middle voice. From root 'labh' (to obtain).

Root: labh (class 1)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain (person)

Compound of 'kas' (who) + 'cid' (a particle of indefiniteness).

Note: Subject of 'labheta'.

गुरु (guru) - heavy, great, important, respected teacher

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - heavy, weighty, great, important, venerable, teacher

Note: Modifies the implied subject of 'karśitaḥ' (which is 'kaścit').

दुःख-कर्शितः (duḥkha-karśitaḥ) - tormented by sorrow, afflicted by misery

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha-karśita

duḥkha-karśita - tormented by sorrow, afflicted by misery

Nominative singular of the compound 'duḥkha-karśita'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+karśita)

• duḥkha – sorrow, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• karśita – emaciated, worn out, tormented, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'kṛś' (to become thin, emaciated).
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kaścit'.

गता (gatā) - gone, arrived (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, departed

Past Passive Participle

Feminine nominative singular of the past passive participle of root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a finite verb with 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Subject of 'gatā'.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

परेत-संसदम् (pareta-saṁsadam) - assembly of the departed, assembly of ghosts

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pareta-saṃsad

pareta-saṁsad - assembly of the departed, assembly of ghosts/dead

Accusative singular of the feminine compound 'pareta-saṃsad'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pareta+saṃsad)

• pareta – departed, dead, deceased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of 'pari' (prefix) + 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• saṃsad – assembly, council, company
  noun (feminine)
  From 'sam-' (together) + 'sad' (to sit).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'gatā', indicating destination.

विना (vinā) - without, except for

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition governing the instrumental case.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you, with you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Instrumental case, governed by 'vinā'.

धेनुः (dhenuḥ) - cow, milch cow

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - cow, milch cow, female animal

Note: Subject of implied comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

आत्मजेन (ātmajena) - by one's own son/offspring

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, offspring, one's own child

Compound 'ātman' (self) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Instrumental case, in context of a cow, it refers to its calf (offspring).

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

Previous Verse Next Verse