वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-17, verse-33

भृशमसुखममर्षिता तदा बहु विललाप समीक्ष्य राघवम् ।
व्यसनमुपनिशाम्य सा महत् सुतमिव बद्धमवेक्ष्य किंनरी ॥३३॥

33. bhṛśamasukhamamarṣitā tadā bahu vilalāpa samīkṣya rāghavam ,
vyasanamupaniśāmya sā mahat sutamiva baddhamavekṣya kiṃnarī.

33. bhṛśam asukham amarṣitā tadā
bahu vilalāpa samīkṣya rāghavam
vyasanam upaniśāmya sā mahat
sutam iva baddham avekṣya kiṁnarī

33. tadā sā amarṣitā rāghavam samīkṣya
mahat vyasanam upaniśāmya
baddham sutam iva avekṣya bhṛśam
asukham bahu vilalāpa kiṁnarī

33. Then, indignant and overcome with intense sorrow, she lamented profusely upon seeing Rāghava and perceiving the great misfortune. She was like a Kinnarī beholding her son bound.

Words meanings summery:

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (modifying 'unhappiness' or 'lamentation') (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

• असुखम् (asukham) - with great unhappiness, sorrowfully (unhappy, sorrowful, unpleasant)

• अमर्षिता (amarṣitā) - indignant (referring to the queen's state of mind) (indignant, intolerant, impatient)

• तदा (tadā) - then (indicating sequence of events) (then, at that time)

• बहु (bahu) - profusely (modifying 'lamented') (much, many, greatly, profusely)

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented profusely (lamented, wept loudly)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - upon seeing (Rāghava) (having seen, having beheld, having observed)

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rama) (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, an epithet for Rama))

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - great misfortune (calamity, misfortune, distress, addiction)

• उपनिशाम्य (upaniśāmya) - having perceived (the calamity) (having perceived, having observed carefully, having calmed down)

• सा (sā) - she (the queen, Kausalyā) (she, that (feminine))

• महत् (mahat) - great (describing the misfortune) (great, large, immense)

• सुतम् (sutam) - son (son, offspring)

• इव (iva) - like (comparison) (like, as if, as, similar to)

• बद्धम् (baddham) - bound (like a son who is bound) (bound, tied, imprisoned)

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - beholding (her son) (having seen, having beheld, having observed)

• किंनरी (kiṁnarī) - a Kinnarī (as a simile for intense sorrow) (a female Kinnara (a mythical being, half-human half-horse or bird, known for music))

Words meanings and morphology

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (modifying 'unhappiness' or 'lamentation') (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

(indeclinable)

असुखम् (asukham) - with great unhappiness, sorrowfully (unhappy, sorrowful, unpleasant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asukha

asukha - unhappy, sorrowful, unpleasant, not comfortable

Formed by negation 'a-' and 'sukha' (happiness).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sukha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sukha – happiness, comfort, ease, pleasure
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

अमर्षिता (amarṣitā) - indignant (referring to the queen's state of mind) (indignant, intolerant, impatient)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of amarṣita

amarṣita - indignant, intolerant, impatient, unenduring

Past Passive Participle

From √mṛṣ (to endure) with negation 'a-' and suffix '-ita'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marṣita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• marṣita – endured, tolerated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √mṛṣ 'to endure'.
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject of the lamentation.

तदा (tadā) - then (indicating sequence of events) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'tad' (that).

बहु (bahu) - profusely (modifying 'lamented') (much, many, greatly, profusely)

(adjective)

Accusative, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, great, abundant

Note: Accusative singular neuter, used adverbially.

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented profusely (lamented, wept loudly)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √lap

Perfect (Lit) 3rd person singular

Root verb with reduplication and 'vi' prefix.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - upon seeing (Rāghava) (having seen, having beheld, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √īkṣ (to see) with prefix 'sam-'.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rāghava (Rama) (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, an epithet for Rama))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu.

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - great misfortune (calamity, misfortune, distress, addiction)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, distress, vice, addiction

From √as (to throw) with 'vi-' prefix, meaning 'throwing apart, separating'.

Root: as (class 4)

उपनिशाम्य (upaniśāmya) - having perceived (the calamity) (having perceived, having observed carefully, having calmed down)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √śam (to be calm, to observe) with prefixes 'upa-' and 'ni-'.

Prefixes: upa+ni

Root: śam (class 4)

सा (sā) - she (the queen, Kausalyā) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

महत् (mahat) - great (describing the misfortune) (great, large, immense)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, immense, mighty

Root √mah + at suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'vyasanam'.

सुतम् (sutam) - son (son, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring, born

Past Passive Participle

From √sū (to give birth).

Root: sū (class 2)

इव (iva) - like (comparison) (like, as if, as, similar to)

(indeclinable)

बद्धम् (baddham) - bound (like a son who is bound) (bound, tied, imprisoned)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of baddha

baddha - bound, tied, caught, imprisoned

Past Passive Participle

From √bandh (to bind) + -ta suffix.

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'sutam'.

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - beholding (her son) (having seen, having beheld, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √īkṣ (to see) with prefix 'ava-'.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

किंनरी (kiṁnarī) - a Kinnarī (as a simile for intense sorrow) (a female Kinnara (a mythical being, half-human half-horse or bird, known for music))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kiṁnarī

kiṁnarī - a female Kinnara, a mythical musical being

Feminine form of Kinnara.

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