वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-17, verse-27

उपवासैश्च योगैश्च बहुभिश्च परिश्रमैः ।
दुःखं संवर्धितो मोघं त्वं हि दुर्गतया मया ॥२७॥

27. upavāsaiśca yogaiśca bahubhiśca pariśramaiḥ ,
duḥkhaṃ saṃvardhito moghaṃ tvaṃ hi durgatayā mayā.

27. upavāsaiḥ ca yogaiḥ ca bahubhiḥ ca pariśramaiḥ |
duḥkham saṃvardhitaḥ mogham tvam hi durgatayā mayā

27. hi tvam mayā durgatayā upavāsaiḥ ca yogaiḥ ca
bahubhiḥ ca pariśramaiḥ duḥkham mogham saṃvardhitaḥ

27. Indeed, by fasts, spiritual practices (yoga), and many efforts, you were sadly raised in vain by me, an unfortunate woman.

Words meanings summery:

• उपवासैः (upavāsaiḥ) - by fasts, by abstinences

• च (ca) - and

• योगैः (yogaiḥ) - by spiritual practices (yoga), by means, by efforts

• च (ca) - and

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many, by numerous

• च (ca) - and

• परिश्रमैः (pariśramaiḥ) - by efforts, by hardships

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sadly, with difficulty, sorrowfully

• संवर्धितः (saṁvardhitaḥ) - raised, nurtured, brought up

• मोघम् (mogham) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• दुर्गतया (durgatayā) - by an unfortunate/wretched woman

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

उपवासैः (upavāsaiḥ) - by fasts, by abstinences

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upavāsa

upavāsa - fast, fasting, abstinence, religious observance

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

योगैः (yogaiḥ) - by spiritual practices (yoga), by means, by efforts

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yoga

yoga - union, spiritual practice, discipline, means, conjunction

Root: yuj (class 7)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many, by numerous

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, abundant

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

परिश्रमैः (pariśramaiḥ) - by efforts, by hardships

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pariśrama

pariśrama - effort, exertion, hardship, fatigue, toil

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sadly, with difficulty, sorrowfully

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain (as adverb: sadly, with difficulty)

Note: Used adverbially here.

संवर्धितः (saṁvardhitaḥ) - raised, nurtured, brought up

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvardhita

saṁvardhita - raised, nurtured, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle formed from root vṛdh with prefix sam and suffix -ita

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

मोघम् (mogham) - in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mogha

mogha - vain, useless, fruitless, ineffective (as adverb: in vain)

Note: Used adverbially here.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

दुर्गतया (durgatayā) - by an unfortunate/wretched woman

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of durgata

durgata - unfortunate, wretched, miserable, in a bad state

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+gata)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, attained, reached, become
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle formed from root gam with suffix -ta
  Root: gam (class 1)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

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