वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-17, verse-21

एक एव हि वन्ध्यायाः शोको भवति मानवः ।
अप्रजास्मीति संतापो न ह्यन्यः पुत्र विद्यते ॥२१॥

21. eka eva hi vandhyāyāḥ śoko bhavati mānavaḥ ,
aprajāsmīti saṃtāpo na hyanyaḥ putra vidyate.

21. eka eva hi vandhyāyāḥ śokaḥ bhavati mānavaḥ aprajā
asmi iti saṃtāpaḥ na hi anyaḥ putra vidyate

21. putra hi mānavaḥ vandhyāyāḥ ekaḥ eva śokaḥ aprajā
asmi iti saṃtāpaḥ bhavati anyaḥ na hi vidyate

21. O son, for a barren woman, the only human sorrow is the anguish (saṃtāpa) of being childless; no other sorrow exists.

Words meanings summery:

• एक (eka) - one, a single

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, surely

• वन्ध्यायाः (vandhyāyāḥ) - of a barren woman

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists

• मानवः (mānavaḥ) - for a human being (a human, pertaining to humans)

• अप्रजा (aprajā) - childless, without offspring

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or thought

• संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - anguish, distress, torment

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, surely

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (sorrow) (other, another)

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

Words meanings and morphology

एक (eka) - one, a single

(numeral)

Note: The form 'eka' functions as a masculine nominative singular here, agreeing with 'śokaḥ'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, surely

(indeclinable)

वन्ध्यायाः (vandhyāyāḥ) - of a barren woman

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of vandhyā

vandhyā - barren woman, sterile, infertile

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, anguish, distress

Derived from root śuc (to grieve, sorrow).

Root: śuc (class 1)

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present indicative

3rd person singular present active indicative.

Root: bhū (class 1)

मानवः (mānavaḥ) - for a human being (a human, pertaining to humans)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava

mānava - human, pertaining to man, son of Manu, human being

Note: Can be interpreted as referring to a human's sorrow or sorrow for a human. Here, it refers to the type of sorrow felt by a human.

अप्रजा (aprajā) - childless, without offspring

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aprajā

aprajā - childless, without offspring, barren

From a (negation) + prajā (offspring).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+prajā)

• a – not, non, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prajā – offspring, progeny, subjects, people
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective with 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present indicative

1st person singular present active indicative.

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or thought

(indeclinable)

संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - anguish, distress, torment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpa

saṁtāpa - anguish, distress, torment, burning, heat

From prefix sam + root tap (to burn, suffer).

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: It is in apposition to 'śokaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Reinforces the negation.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another (sorrow) (other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Refers to 'śokaḥ' (sorrow), implying 'another sorrow'.

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Vocative case, addressing a son.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present middle

3rd person singular present middle (ātmanepada) indicative. From the root 'vid' (to be, exist), distinct from 'vid' (to know).

Root: vid (class 4)

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