वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-17, verse-20

यदि पुत्र न जायेथा मम शोकाय राघव ।
न स्म दुःखमतो भूयः पश्येयमहमप्रजा ॥२०॥

20. yadi putra na jāyethā mama śokāya rāghava ,
na sma duḥkhamato bhūyaḥ paśyeyamahamaprajā.

20. yadi putra na jāyethāḥ mama śokāya rāghava na
sma duḥkham ataḥ bhūyaḥ paśyeyam aham aprajā

20. putra rāghava yadi mama śokāya na jāyethāḥ,
aprajā aham ataḥ bhūyaḥ duḥkham na sma paśyeyam

20. O son, O Rāghava, if you had not been born to cause me this sorrow, then I, childless, would not have seen a greater grief than this.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• पुत्र (putra) - O son (Rama) (son)

• न (na) - not, no

• जायेथाः (jāyethāḥ) - if you had not been born (you would be born, you should be born)

• मम (mama) - for my (sorrow) (my, mine, for me)

• शोकाय (śokāya) - for sorrow, for grief

• राघव (rāghava) - O Prince Rama (O Rama, O descendant of Raghu)

• न (na) - not, no

• स्म (sma) - indicating a hypothetical past condition/result (indeed; (with present verb) past action; (with optative) hypothetical)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

• अतः (ataḥ) - more than this (sorrow) (from this, than this, therefore)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more, further, again

• पश्येयम् (paśyeyam) - I would see, I should see

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अप्रजा (aprajā) - I, being childless (Kausalya) (childless, without offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

पुत्र (putra) - O son (Rama) (son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जायेथाः (jāyethāḥ) - if you had not been born (you would be born, you should be born)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (Liṅ) of jan

Optative Mood, Middle Voice

2nd person singular, optative (Liṅ) mood, middle voice, from the root jan (class 4, jāyate). Used here for a hypothetical past condition.

Root: jan (class 4)

मम (mama) - for my (sorrow) (my, mine, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Can also be genitive, but here functions as dative of purpose.

शोकाय (śokāya) - for sorrow, for grief

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

राघव (rāghava) - O Prince Rama (O Rama, O descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; Rama

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - indicating a hypothetical past condition/result (indeed; (with present verb) past action; (with optative) hypothetical)

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

अतः (ataḥ) - more than this (sorrow) (from this, than this, therefore)

(indeclinable)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more, further, again

(indeclinable)

पश्येयम् (paśyeyam) - I would see, I should see

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of dṛś

Optative Mood

1st person singular, optative (Liṅ) mood, active voice, from the root dṛś (stem paśya).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

अप्रजा (aprajā) - I, being childless (Kausalya) (childless, without offspring)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aprajā

aprajā - childless, without offspring

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+prajā)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• prajā – offspring, progeny, subjects
  noun (feminine)

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