वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-17, verse-19

सा राघवमुपासीनमसुखार्ता सुखोचिता ।
उवाच पुरुषव्याघ्रमुपशृण्वति लक्ष्मणे ॥१९॥

19. sā rāghavamupāsīnamasukhārtā sukhocitā ,
uvāca puruṣavyāghramupaśṛṇvati lakṣmaṇe.

19. sā rāghavam upāsīnam asukha-ārtā sukha-ucitā
uvāca puruṣa-vyāghram upaśṛṇvati lakṣmaṇe

19. asukhā-ārtā sukha-ucitā sā lakṣmaṇe upaśṛṇvati
puruṣa-vyāghram upāsīnam rāghavam uvāca

19. She, afflicted by sorrow yet accustomed to happiness, spoke to Rama, the tiger among men, who was seated near her, while Lakshmana listened nearby.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - Kausalya (she, that (feminine))

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Prince Rama (to Rama, descendant of Raghu)

• उपासीनम् (upāsīnam) - Rama, seated near his mother (seated near, attending, worshipping)

• असुख-आर्ता (asukha-ārtā) - Kausalya, afflicted by sorrow (afflicted by sorrow, distressed by unhappiness)

• सुख-उचिता (sukha-ucitā) - Kausalya, who was accustomed to happiness (accustomed to happiness, used to joy)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Kausalya spoke (she spoke, he spoke)

• पुरुष-व्याघ्रम् (puruṣa-vyāghram) - to Rama (to the tiger among men, to the best of men)

• उपशृण्वति (upaśṛṇvati) - Lakshmana listening nearby (listening nearby, overhearing)

• लक्ष्मणे (lakṣmaṇe) - while Lakshmana was listening (in Lakshmana, by Lakshmana, Lakshmana listening (locative absolute))

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - Kausalya (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Prince Rama (to Rama, descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; Rama

उपासीनम् (upāsīnam) - Rama, seated near his mother (seated near, attending, worshipping)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāsīna

upāsīna - seated near, present, engaged in, devoted to

Present Middle Participle

Formed from the root ās (to sit) with the prefix upa, in the present middle voice.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

असुख-आर्ता (asukha-ārtā) - Kausalya, afflicted by sorrow (afflicted by sorrow, distressed by unhappiness)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asukha-ārta

asukha-ārta - afflicted by unhappiness

Compound type : tatpurusha (asukha+ārta)

• asukha – unhappiness, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from the root ṛ (to go, to move; hence, to suffer) with the suffix -ta.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

सुख-उचिता (sukha-ucitā) - Kausalya, who was accustomed to happiness (accustomed to happiness, used to joy)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sukhocita

sukhocita - accustomed to happiness, used to joy

Compound type : tatpurusha (sukha+ucita)

• sukha – happiness, joy, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• ucita – accustomed, proper, suitable
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from the root vac (to speak) with suffix -ta, meaning 'said' or 'fitting'.
  Root: vac (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - Kausalya spoke (she spoke, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect (Lit) tense form of the root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

पुरुष-व्याघ्रम् (puruṣa-vyāghram) - to Rama (to the tiger among men, to the best of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa-vyāghra

puruṣa-vyāghra - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

उपशृण्वति (upaśṛṇvati) - Lakshmana listening nearby (listening nearby, overhearing)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of upaśṛṇvat

upaśṛṇvat - listening nearby, overhearing

Present Active Participle

Formed from the root śru (to hear) with the prefix upa, in the present active voice.

Prefix: upa

Root: śru (class 5)

लक्ष्मणे (lakṣmaṇe) - while Lakshmana was listening (in Lakshmana, by Lakshmana, Lakshmana listening (locative absolute))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (brother of Rama)

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