वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-14, verse-20

हरियुक्तं सहस्राक्षो रथमिन्द्र इवाशुगम् ।
प्रययौ तूर्णमास्थाय राघवो ज्वलितः श्रिया ॥२०॥

20. hariyuktaṃ sahasrākṣo rathamindra ivāśugam ,
prayayau tūrṇamāsthāya rāghavo jvalitaḥ śriyā.

20. hariyuktam sahasrākṣaḥ ratham indraḥ iva āśugam
prayayau tūrṇam āsthāya rāghavaḥ jvalitaḥ śriyā

20. rāghavaḥ śriyā jvalitaḥ tūrṇam āsthāya hariyuktam
āśugam ratham indraḥ iva sahasrākṣaḥ prayayau

20. Rama, radiant with splendor, quickly departed, having mounted the swiftly moving chariot yoked with horses, just as the thousand-eyed Indra (departs).

Words meanings summery:

• हरियुक्तम् (hariyuktam) - yoked with horses; drawn by hari (green/tawny horses)

• सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - thousand-eyed (epithet of Indra)

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra, the king of gods

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• आशुगम् (āśugam) - swiftly moving, swift, rapid

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - went forth, departed, proceeded

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken recourse to

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

• ज्वलितः (jvalitaḥ) - radiant, shining, ablaze, illuminated

• श्रिया (śriyā) - by splendor, by glory, by beauty, by fortune

Words meanings and morphology

हरियुक्तम् (hariyuktam) - yoked with horses; drawn by hari (green/tawny horses)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hariyukta

hariyukta - yoked with horses (hari), joined with hari

Past Passive Participle (yukta)

Compound of 'hari' and 'yukta'. 'Hari' can refer to a horse, esp. Indra's tawny horses.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+yukta)

• hari – horse, tawny, green, Vishnu, Indra
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• yukta – yoked, joined, connected
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - thousand-eyed (epithet of Indra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasrākṣa

sahasrākṣa - thousand-eyed, the thousand-eyed one (Indra, Vishnu, Śiva)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+akṣi)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Indra, understood from context.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root ram (to enjoy) or rādh (to succeed).

Root: ram / rādh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āsthāya'.

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra, the king of gods

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra, king of the gods, chief, lord

Root: id / ind

Note: Used for comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

आशुगम् (āśugam) - swiftly moving, swift, rapid

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśuga

āśuga - swift-going, swiftly moving, rapid

Compound of 'āśu' (swift) and 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick, rapid
  adjective
• ga – going, moving, relating to
  noun/suffix (masculine)
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - went forth, departed, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prayā

Perfect 3rd singular

From pra- + yā (to go).

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'rāghavaḥ'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (from tvar)

From root tvar (to hasten). Used adverbially here.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative of quality.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken recourse to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From ā- + sthā (to stand).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action preceding the main verb 'prayayau'.

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu.

Note: Subject of 'prayayau'.

ज्वलितः (jvalitaḥ) - radiant, shining, ablaze, illuminated

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvalita

jvalita - inflamed, shining, blazing

Past Passive Participle

From root jval (to blaze, to shine).

Root: jval (class 1)

श्रिया (śriyā) - by splendor, by glory, by beauty, by fortune

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, glory, beauty, prosperity, wealth, goddess Lakshmi

Root: śrī

Note: Specifies by what Rama was radiant.

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