वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-14, verse-18

स सर्वानर्थिनो दृष्ट्वा समेत्य प्रतिनन्द्य च ।
ततः पावकसंकाशमारुरोह रथोत्तमम् ॥१८॥

18. sa sarvānarthino dṛṣṭvā sametya pratinandya ca ,
tataḥ pāvakasaṃkāśamāruroha rathottamam.

18. saḥ sarvān arthinaḥ dṛṣṭvā sametya pratinandya
ca tataḥ pāvakasaṁkāśam ārūroha rathottamam

18. saḥ sarvān arthinaḥ dṛṣṭvā sametya ca pratinandya
tataḥ pāvakasaṁkāśam rathottamam ārūroha

18. Having seen, met, and greeted all the petitioners, he then mounted the magnificent chariot, shining like fire.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the main subject, often Rama) (he, that)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all, every)

• अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - petitioners, suppliants, seekers

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having come together

• प्रतिनन्द्य (pratinandya) - having greeted, having welcomed

• च (ca) - and, also

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thereafter, from that)

• पावकसंकाशम् (pāvakasaṁkāśam) - shining like fire, fire-like

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - ascended, mounted, climbed

• रथोत्तमम् (rathottamam) - the best chariot, excellent chariot

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to the main subject, often Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Masculine accusative plural.

Note: Qualifies 'arthinaḥ'.

अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - petitioners, suppliants, seekers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of arthin

arthin - petitioner, suppliant, seeker, desirous of gain

n-stem noun (masculine accusative plural).

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā', 'sametya', 'pratinandya'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'dṛś' + suffix 'ktvā' (tvā).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having come together

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix 'sam' + root 'i' (to go) + suffix 'lyap' (ya).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

प्रतिनन्द्य (pratinandya) - having greeted, having welcomed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix 'prati' + root 'nand' (to rejoice) + suffix 'lyap' (ya).

Prefix: prati

Root: nand (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Joins 'sametya' and 'pratinandya'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with suffix 'tas'.

पावकसंकाशम् (pāvakasaṁkāśam) - shining like fire, fire-like

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāvakasaṁkāśa

pāvakasaṁkāśa - shining like fire, fire-like, resembling fire

Compound of 'pāvaka' (fire) and 'saṁkāśa' (resembling, shining like).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pāvaka+saṁkāśa)

• pāvaka – fire, pure, purifying
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pū' (to purify).
  Root: pū (class 1)
• saṁkāśa – resembling, shining like, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sam' + root 'kāś' (to shine).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rathottamam'.

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - ascended, mounted, climbed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ā-ruh

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular

From prefix 'ā' + root 'ruh' (to ascend). Perfect tense (liṭ).

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ' (he).

रथोत्तमम् (rathottamam) - the best chariot, excellent chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathottama

rathottama - best of chariots, excellent chariot

Compound of 'ratha' (chariot) and 'uttama' (best, excellent).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of 'ārūroha'.

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