वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-56, verse-7

विश्वामित्रो ऽपि तच्छ्रुत्वा ह्रिया किं चिदवाङ्मुखः ।
दुःखेन महताविष्टः समन्युरिदमब्रवीत् ॥७॥

7. viśvāmitro'pi tacchrutvā hriyā kiṃ cidavāṅmukhaḥ ,
duḥkhena mahatāviṣṭaḥ samanyuridamabravīt.

7. viśvāmitraḥ api tat śrutvā hriyā kim cit avāṅmukhaḥ
duḥkhena mahatā āviṣṭaḥ samanyuḥ idam abravīt

7. viśvāmitraḥ api tat śrutvā hriyā kim cit avāṅmukhaḥ
mahatā duḥkhena āviṣṭaḥ samanyuḥ idam abravīt

7. Viśvāmitra also, having heard that, became somewhat downcast due to shame. Overwhelmed by great sorrow and filled with resentment, he spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a proper name)

• अपि (api) - also, even (indicating that Viśvāmitra's reaction follows Brahmā's speech) (also, even, too)

• तत् (tat) - that (which Brahmā had just spoken) (that, this, it)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, on hearing

• ह्रिया (hriyā) - due to shame (by shame, from modesty, due to embarrassment)

• किम् (kim) - somewhat, a little (in conjunction with 'cit') (what, why, how much)

• चित् (cit) - somewhat, a little (in conjunction with 'kim') (a little, some, something)

• अवाङ्मुखः (avāṅmukhaḥ) - with a downcast face, looking down (downcast face, facing downwards, ashamed)

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by great sorrow (by sorrow, by suffering, by pain)

• महता (mahatā) - by great (by great, by large, by mighty)

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overwhelmed, afflicted (entered, possessed, overcome, afflicted)

• समन्युः (samanyuḥ) - filled with resentment (full of wrath, angry, indignant, resentful)

• इदम् (idam) - these words (referring to his subsequent speech) (this, these)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said, he declared

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (a famous sage who was originally a kṣatriya king)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universal, cosmic
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• mitra – friend, companion, ally, the sun-god Mitra
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - also, even (indicating that Viśvāmitra's reaction follows Brahmā's speech) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (which Brahmā had just spoken) (that, this, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Accusative singular neuter form of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, on hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √śru (to hear) with the absolutive suffix -ktvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

ह्रिया (hriyā) - due to shame (by shame, from modesty, due to embarrassment)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - shame, modesty, embarrassment, humility

From the root √hrī (to be ashamed).

Root: hrī (class 3)

किम् (kim) - somewhat, a little (in conjunction with 'cit') (what, why, how much)

(indeclinable)

Used with 'cit' or 'cana' to form indefinite pronouns/adverbs.

चित् (cit) - somewhat, a little (in conjunction with 'kim') (a little, some, something)

(indeclinable)

Used as an enclitic to form indefinite expressions, often with interrogative pronouns.

अवाङ्मुखः (avāṅmukhaḥ) - with a downcast face, looking down (downcast face, facing downwards, ashamed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avāṅmukha

avāṅmukha - having a downward face, downcast, ashamed, abashed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avāñc+mukha)

• avāñc – downward, lower, southern
  adjective (masculine)
  From prefix 'ava' and root 'añc' (to bend).
  Prefix: ava
  Root: añc (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, entrance
  noun (neuter)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by great sorrow (by sorrow, by suffering, by pain)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

From 'dus' (bad, difficult) and 'kha' (space, axle-hole, hence 'bad space').

Note: Indicates the cause or means of being 'āviṣṭaḥ'.

महता (mahatā) - by great (by great, by large, by mighty)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahant

mahant - great, large, powerful, mighty

Present Active Participle

Participial stem from root √mah (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overwhelmed, afflicted (entered, possessed, overcome, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, overcome, possessed, afflicted, pervaded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √viś (to enter) with the prefix 'ā' and the past passive participle suffix -kta.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

समन्युः (samanyuḥ) - filled with resentment (full of wrath, angry, indignant, resentful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samanyu

samanyu - full of wrath/anger/resentment, indignant, furious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+manyu)

• sa – with, accompanied by, having
  indeclinable
  Prefix from 'saha' used in compounds.
• manyu – spirit, mind, mood, wrath, indignation, resentment
  noun (masculine)
  From the root √man (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

इदम् (idam) - these words (referring to his subsequent speech) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, it

Accusative singular neuter form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said, he declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active 3rd Singular

Past tense form of the root √brū (class 2) meaning 'to speak'.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb, subject is 'viśvāmitraḥ'.

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