वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-37, verse-2

अयोध्याधिपतिः शूरः पूर्वमासीन्नराधिपः ।
सगरो नाम धर्मात्मा प्रजाकामः स चाप्रजः ॥२॥

2. ayodhyādhipatiḥ śūraḥ pūrvamāsīnnarādhipaḥ ,
sagaro nāma dharmātmā prajākāmaḥ sa cāprajaḥ.

2. ayodhyādhipatiḥ śūraḥ pūrvam āsīt narādhipaḥ
sagaraḥ nāma dharmātmā prajākāmaḥ saḥ ca aprajaḥ

2. Formerly, there was a valiant king, the ruler of Ayodhyā, named Sagara. He was a righteous (dharma) soul, desirous of offspring, yet childless.

Words meanings summery:

• अयोध्याधिपतिः (ayodhyādhipatiḥ) - the ruler of Ayodhyā (ruler of Ayodhyā, king of Ayodhyā)

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - valiant (valiant, brave, heroic)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, previously, before)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (he was, there was)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king (king, ruler of men)

• सगरः (sagaraḥ) - King Sagara (Sagara (a proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, indeed, namely)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - a righteous (dharma) soul (righteous soul, virtuous person)

• प्रजाकामः (prajākāmaḥ) - desirous of offspring (desirous of offspring, wishing for progeny)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• च (ca) - yet (and, also, but)

• अप्रजः (aprajaḥ) - childless (childless, without offspring)

Words meanings and morphology

अयोध्याधिपतिः (ayodhyādhipatiḥ) - the ruler of Ayodhyā (ruler of Ayodhyā, king of Ayodhyā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ayodhyādhipati

ayodhyādhipati - ruler of Ayodhyā

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ayodhyā+adhipati)

• ayodhyā – Ayodhyā (a city, capital of Kosala kingdom)
  proper noun (feminine)
• adhipati – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (over) + pati (master)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

शूरः (śūraḥ) - valiant (valiant, brave, heroic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - valiant, brave, heroic; a hero

Note: Qualifies 'narādhipaḥ'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - there was (he was, there was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Tense, Third Person Singular

Root as (to be) in imperfect tense with augment 'a'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The main verb.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king (king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Predicate nominative for 'āsīt'.

सगरः (sagaraḥ) - King Sagara (Sagara (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sagara

sagara - Sagara (a legendary king of Ayodhyā)

Note: Refers to the king.

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, indeed, namely)

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - a righteous (dharma) soul (righteous soul, virtuous person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, virtuous person, whose essence (ātman) is natural law (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Sagara.

प्रजाकामः (prajākāmaḥ) - desirous of offspring (desirous of offspring, wishing for progeny)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajākāma

prajākāma - desirous of offspring, wishing for progeny

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajā+kāma)

• prajā – offspring, progeny, subjects, people
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Sagara.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Sagara.

च (ca) - yet (and, also, but)

(indeclinable)

अप्रजः (aprajaḥ) - childless (childless, without offspring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apraja

apraja - childless, without offspring, without progeny

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+prajā)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• prajā – offspring, progeny, subjects
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Sagara.

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