वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-37, verse-1

तां कथां कौशिको रामे निवेद्य मधुराक्षरम् ।
पुनरेवापरं वाक्यं काकुत्स्थमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. tāṃ kathāṃ kauśiko rāme nivedya madhurākṣaram ,
punarevāparaṃ vākyaṃ kākutsthamidamabravīt.

1. tām kathām kauśikaḥ rāme nivedya madhurākṣaram
punaḥ eva aparam vākyam kākutstham idam abravīt

1. Having narrated that sweet-worded story to Rāma, Kauśika again spoke these other words to the descendant of Kakutstha.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (story) (that)

• कथाम् (kathām) - story (story, tale, narrative)

• कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a descendant of Kuśika; Viśvāmitra)

• रामे (rāme) - to Rāma (to Rāma, in Rāma)

• निवेद्य (nivedya) - having narrated (having narrated, having reported, having presented)

• मधुराक्षरम् (madhurākṣaram) - sweet-worded (sweet-worded, having sweet syllables)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more, further)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• अपरम् (aparam) - other (other, another, subsequent)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, statement, sentence)

• काकुत्स्थम् (kākutstham) - to the descendant of Kakutstha (Rāma) (descendant of Kakutstha; Rāma)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (story) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kathām'.

कथाम् (kathām) - story (story, tale, narrative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, speech

Note: Object of 'nivedya'.

कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a descendant of Kuśika; Viśvāmitra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - descendant of Kuśika; a proper name, referring to the sage Viśvāmitra

Derived from the clan name Kuśika

Note: Subject of 'nivedya' and 'abravīt'.

रामे (rāme) - to Rāma (to Rāma, in Rāma)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: Used as recipient (dative sense) with 'nivedya'.

निवेद्य (nivedya) - having narrated (having narrated, having reported, having presented)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From verb root vid (to know) with prefix ni and causative suffix followed by -ya

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Connects to 'abravīt'.

मधुराक्षरम् (madhurākṣaram) - sweet-worded (sweet-worded, having sweet syllables)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhurākṣara

madhurākṣara - sweet-sounding, sweet-worded, having sweet letters

Compound type : karmadhāraya (madhura+akṣara)

• madhura – sweet, pleasant, charming
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• akṣara – syllable, letter, imperishable
  noun (neuter)
  From a (not) + kṣar (to perish)
  Prefix: a
  Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, once more, further)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अपरम् (aparam) - other (other, another, subsequent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apara

apara - other, another, posterior, subsequent, inferior

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, statement, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence, word

Derived from vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

काकुत्स्थम् (kākutstham) - to the descendant of Kakutstha (Rāma) (descendant of Kakutstha; Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha; a patronymic of Rāma

Derived from the ancestor Kakutstha

Note: Used as a respectful address for Rāma, functioning dative-like (to Kakutstha).

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these; he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense, Third Person Singular

Root brū (to speak) in the imperfect tense, with augment 'a'

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

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