वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-21, verse-3

स पुत्रं मूर्ध्न्युपाघ्राय राजा दशरथः प्रियम् ।
ददौ कुशिकपुत्राय सुप्रीतेनान्तरात्मना ॥३॥

3. sa putraṃ mūrdhnyupāghrāya rājā daśarathaḥ priyam ,
dadau kuśikaputrāya suprītenāntarātmanā.

3. sa putram mūrdhani upāghrāya rājā daśarathaḥ
priyam dadau kuśikaputrāya suprītena antarātmanā

3. sa rājā daśarathaḥ priyam putram mūrdhani upāghrāya,
suprītena antarātmanā kuśikaputrāya dadau

3. Having smelled (kissed) his beloved son on the head, King Daśaratha, with a very contented inner self (ātman), gave him to the son of Kuśika (Viśvāmitra).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (King Daśaratha) (he, that)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (Rāma) (son)

• मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on the head (on the head, in the head)

• उपाघ्राय (upāghrāya) - having kissed (a traditional gesture of affection on the head) (having smelled, having kissed)

• राजा (rājā) - King (Daśaratha) (king)

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha

• प्रियम् (priyam) - beloved (son) (beloved, dear, pleasing)

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave

• कुशिकपुत्राय (kuśikaputrāya) - to the son of Kuśika (i.e., Viśvāmitra) (to the son of Kuśika)

• सुप्रीतेन (suprītena) - with a very pleased (with a very pleased, with a well-pleased)

• अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - with the inner self (ātman) (with the inner self, with the heart)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (King Daśaratha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Daśaratha.

पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (Rāma) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'upāghrāya'.

मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on the head (on the head, in the head)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, forehead, top, summit

Note: Location of the action 'upāghrāya'.

उपाघ्राय (upāghrāya) - having kissed (a traditional gesture of affection on the head) (having smelled, having kissed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

absolutive form from root ghrā with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Followed by the main verb 'dadau'.

राजा (rājā) - King (Daśaratha) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Subject of 'dadau'.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (king of Ayodhyā, father of Rāma)

Note: Appositive to 'rājā'.

प्रियम् (priyam) - beloved (son) (beloved, dear, pleasing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - beloved, dear, pleasing, one's own

Note: Describes 'putram'.

ददौ (dadau) - he gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dā

perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, from root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

कुशिकपुत्राय (kuśikaputrāya) - to the son of Kuśika (i.e., Viśvāmitra) (to the son of Kuśika)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kuśikaputra

kuśikaputra - son of Kuśika

Tatpurusha compound: Kuśika (name) + putra (son)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuśika+putra)

• kuśika – Kuśika (name of an ancient king, father of Viśvāmitra)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Recipient of the giving.

सुप्रीतेन (suprītena) - with a very pleased (with a very pleased, with a well-pleased)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of suprīta

suprīta - very pleased, delighted, contented

Past Passive Participle (functioning as adjective)

from su-prī (to be pleased, satisfied)

Prefix: su

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Describes 'antarātmanā'.

अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - with the inner self (ātman) (with the inner self, with the heart)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of antarātman

antarātman - inner self, soul, heart, mind

Karmadhāraya compound: antara (inner) + ātman (self)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (antara+ātman)

• antara – inner, internal, in between
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the state or manner of giving.

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