महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-61

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अभुक्त्वातिथये चान्नं प्रयच्छेद्यः समाहितः ।
स वै ब्रह्मविदां लोकान्प्राप्नुयाद्भरतर्षभ ॥६१॥

61. abhuktvātithaye cānnaṁ prayacchedyaḥ samāhitaḥ ,
sa vai brahmavidāṁ lokānprāpnuyādbharatarṣabha.

61. abhuktvā atithaye ca annam prayacchet yaḥ samāhitaḥ
saḥ vai brahmavidām lokān prāpnuyāt bharatarṣabha

61. bharatarṣabha yaḥ samāhitaḥ abhuktvā ca atithaye
annam prayacchet saḥ vai brahmavidām lokān prāpnuyāt

61. O best among the Bharatas, whoever, being attentive and without having eaten himself, offers food to a guest (atithi), he surely attains the realms of those who know ultimate reality (brahmavidām).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

अभुक्त्वा (abhuktvā) - without having eaten, not having eaten

अतिथये (atithaye) - to a guest, for a guest

च (ca) - and, also

अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

प्रयच्छेत् (prayacchet) - one should give, one should offer

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - concentrated, composed, attentive, self-controlled

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

ब्रह्मविदाम् (brahmavidām) - of those who know Brahman, of those who know the ultimate reality

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms, regions

प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - should attain, would attain, may attain

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O foremost of Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

अभुक्त्वा (abhuktvā) - without having eaten, not having eaten

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with negative prefix

Formed from negative prefix `a` + root `bhuj` (to eat, enjoy) + suffix `-tvā`.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

अतिथये (atithaye) - to a guest, for a guest

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, uninvited guest

Literally "one who has no fixed date (tithi)".

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, sustenance

Past Passive Participle

From root `ad` (to eat) + `kta` suffix, modified.

Root: ad (class 2)

प्रयच्छेत् (prayacchet) - one should give, one should offer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pradā

Present optative, 3rd person singular, from prefix `pra` + root `dā` (to give).

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Relative pronoun.

समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - concentrated, composed, attentive, self-controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāhita

samāhita - concentrated, composed, attentive, absorbed, collected

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix `sam` + `ā` + root `dhā` (to place) + `kta` suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the person mentioned by `yaḥ`.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

ब्रह्मविदाम् (brahmavidām) - of those who know Brahman, of those who know the ultimate reality

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brahmavid

brahmavid - knower of Brahman, knower of ultimate reality

Compound: `brahman` (Brahman) + `vid` (knower). Upapada tatpuruṣa or aluk-samāsa.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (brahman+vid)

brahman – Brahman, ultimate reality, sacred word, priest
noun (neuter)
Root: bṛh
vid – knower, learned
noun (derived from verb) (masculine)
Agent noun
From root `vid` (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms, regions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, region, people

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Object of `prāpnuyāt`.

प्राप्नुयात् (prāpnuyāt) - should attain, would attain, may attain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prāp

Present optative, 3rd person singular, from prefix `pra` + root `āp` (to obtain).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)