महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-58

सद्भ्यो ददाति यश्चान्नं सदैकाग्रमना नरः ।
न स दुर्गाण्यवाप्नोतीत्येवमाह पराशरः ॥५८॥

58. sadbhyo dadāti yaścānnaṁ sadaikāgramanā naraḥ ,
na sa durgāṇyavāpnotītyevamāha parāśaraḥ.

58. sadbhyaḥ dadāti yaḥ ca annam sadā ekāgramanāḥ naraḥ
na saḥ durgāṇi avāpnoti iti evam āha parāśaraḥ

58. yaḥ naraḥ sadā ekāgramanāḥ sadbhyaḥ annam ca dadāti
saḥ durgāṇi na avāpnoti iti evam parāśaraḥ āha

58. And the person who, always with a concentrated mind, offers food to the virtuous, that individual does not encounter difficulties – thus indeed did Parāśara declare.

Words meanings summery:

• सद्भ्यः (sadbhyaḥ) - to the virtuous persons (to the virtuous, to the good, to the holy)

• ददाति (dadāti) - offers (food) (gives, offers, grants)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to the person offering food) (who, whoever)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (general offering) (food, sustenance, rice)

• सदा (sadā) - always (performing the action) (always, constantly, perpetually)

• एकाग्रमनाः (ekāgramanāḥ) - having a focused mind (concentrated mind, single-minded)

• नरः (naraḥ) - the man, person (who gives food) (man, person)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• सः (saḥ) - that individual, he (referring to the giver of food) (he, that one)

• दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties or obstacles (difficulties, obstacles, fortresses, impassable places)

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - encounters (difficulties) (obtains, reaches, encounters, experiences)

• इति (iti) - thus (indicating the end of a statement) (thus, so, indicates quotation)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, indeed (thus, so, in this manner)

• आह (āha) - declared (by Parāśara) (said, declared)

• पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - the sage Parāśara (Parāśara (name of a sage))

Words meanings and morphology

सद्भ्यः (sadbhyaḥ) - to the virtuous persons (to the virtuous, to the good, to the holy)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, true, real

Present active participle

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

ददाति (dadāti) - offers (food) (gives, offers, grants)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of dā

Present active 3rd singular

From root dā.

Root: dā (class 3)

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to the person offering food) (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अन्नम् (annam) - food (general offering) (food, sustenance, rice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, sustenance, rice

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ad (to eat) with suffix -na, meaning 'that which is eaten'.

Root: ad (class 2)

सदा (sadā) - always (performing the action) (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

एकाग्रमनाः (ekāgramanāḥ) - having a focused mind (concentrated mind, single-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekāgramanas

ekāgramanas - concentrated mind, single-minded, attentive

Compound: eka (one) + agra (tip, foremost) + manas (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+agra+manas)

• eka – one, single, sole
  numeral
• agra – tip, forefront, chief, excellent
  noun (neuter)
• manas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with naraḥ.

नरः (naraḥ) - the man, person (who gives food) (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of dadāti.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

सः (saḥ) - that individual, he (referring to the giver of food) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties or obstacles (difficulties, obstacles, fortresses, impassable places)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of durga

durga - difficulty, obstacle, fortress, impassable place

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + ga (going).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+ga)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• ga – going, moving
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of avāpnoti.

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - encounters (difficulties) (obtains, reaches, encounters, experiences)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of ava-āp

Present active 3rd singular

From root āp with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

इति (iti) - thus (indicating the end of a statement) (thus, so, indicates quotation)

(indeclinable)

Particle introducing or closing a quotation.

एवम् (evam) - thus, indeed (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner.

आह (āha) - declared (by Parāśara) (said, declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect active 3rd singular

Irregular perfect tense.

Root: ah (class 2)

पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - the sage Parāśara (Parāśara (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśara

parāśara - name of a revered sage, father of Vyasa

Note: Subject of āha.

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