महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-48

गावः शरण्या भूतानामिति वेदविदो विदुः ।
तस्माद्ददाति यो धेनुं शरणं संप्रयच्छति ॥४८॥

48. gāvaḥ śaraṇyā bhūtānāmiti vedavido viduḥ ,
tasmāddadāti yo dhenuṁ śaraṇaṁ saṁprayacchati.

48. gāvaḥ śaraṇyāḥ bhūtānām iti vedavidaḥ viduḥ |
tasmāt dadāti yaḥ dhenum śaraṇam saṃprayacchati

48. vedavidaḥ gāvaḥ bhūtānām śaraṇyāḥ iti viduḥ tasmāt
yaḥ dhenum dadāti saḥ śaraṇam saṃprayacchati

48. Cows are a source of refuge for all beings, as those who know the Vedas (veda) declare. Therefore, whoever donates a cow truly provides refuge.

Words meanings summery:

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• शरण्याः (śaraṇyāḥ) - worthy of refuge, offering protection, providing shelter

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of living things

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - knowers of the Vedas, those learned in the Vedas

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they declare, they understand

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• ददाति (dadāti) - gives, donates

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• धेनुम् (dhenum) - a cow

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, shelter

• संप्रयच्छति (saṁprayacchati) - bestows completely, offers thoroughly, grants fully

Words meanings and morphology

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, ox, earth, ray of light

Root: gam (class 1)

शरण्याः (śaraṇyāḥ) - worthy of refuge, offering protection, providing shelter

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śaraṇya

śaraṇya - worthy of protection/refuge, affording protection/shelter, protective

Gerundive

From śaraṇa + yat suffix

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures, of living things

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū 'to be'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

वेदविदः (vedavidaḥ) - knowers of the Vedas, those learned in the Vedas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vedavid

vedavid - knower of the Vedas, learned in the Vedas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vid)

• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge, knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knower, learned
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vid` 'to know'
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of viduḥ.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they declare, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lit) of vid

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form, also used as present.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: The perfect (lit) viduḥ often functions as a present tense.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

ददाति (dadāti) - gives, donates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of dā

Present Active

Root: dā (class 3)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

धेनुम् (dhenum) - a cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - milch cow, cow

Root: dhī

Note: Object of dadāti.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, shelter

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, protector

From root śṛ 'to injure, crush' but with derivative meaning 'to protect from harm'.

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of saṃprayacchati.

संप्रयच्छति (saṁprayacchati) - bestows completely, offers thoroughly, grants fully

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of yam

Present Active

Formed from sam-pra-yam.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: yam (class 1)

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