महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-47

प्राणा वै प्राणिनामेते प्रोच्यन्ते भरतर्षभ ।
तस्माद्ददाति यो धेनुं प्राणान्वै स प्रयच्छति ॥४७॥

47. prāṇā vai prāṇināmete procyante bharatarṣabha ,
tasmāddadāti yo dhenuṁ prāṇānvai sa prayacchati.

47. prāṇāḥ vai prāṇinām ete procyante bharatarṣabha |
tasmāt dadāti yaḥ dhenum prāṇān vai saḥ prayacchati

47. bharatarṣabha ete prāṇāḥ vai prāṇinām procyante
tasmāt yaḥ dhenum dadāti saḥ vai prāṇān prayacchati

47. O best among Bharatas, these (cows) are indeed declared to be the very life-breaths (prāṇa) of living beings. Therefore, whoever donates a cow truly bestows life-breaths (prāṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - vital airs, life-breaths, life principles, energies

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly, surely

• प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings, of creatures, of animate beings

• एते (ete) - these (cows, implied from context) (these)

• प्रोच्यन्ते (procyante) - are declared, are said, are called

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O chief of Bharatas

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• ददाति (dadāti) - gives, donates

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• धेनुम् (dhenum) - a cow

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life-breaths, vital energies

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly, surely

• सः (saḥ) - he

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - bestows, offers, gives

Words meanings and morphology

प्राणाः (prāṇāḥ) - vital airs, life-breaths, life principles, energies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - vital air, life-breath, life principle, energy, spirit

Root: an (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings, of creatures, of animate beings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prāṇin

prāṇin - living, animate, possessing breath or life; a living being, creature

From prāṇa (life) + in (possessing)

एते (ete) - these (cows, implied from context) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to prāṇāḥ, and contextually to cows.

प्रोच्यन्ते (procyante) - are declared, are said, are called

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Passive

Passive form of pra-vac

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O chief of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, chief of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata lineage, a proper name
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

ददाति (dadāti) - gives, donates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of dā

Present Active

Root: dā (class 3)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

धेनुम् (dhenum) - a cow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - milch cow, cow

Root: dhī

Note: Object of dadāti.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life-breaths, vital energies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - vital air, life-breath, life principle, energy, spirit

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of prayacchati.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Correlative pronoun to yaḥ.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - bestows, offers, gives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of yam

Present Active

Formed from pra-yam.

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

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