महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-42

पशुत्वाच्च विनिर्मुक्ताः प्रदानायोपकल्पिताः ।
ता इमा विप्रमुख्येभ्यो यो ददाति महीपते ।
निस्तरेदापदं कृच्छ्रां विषमस्थोऽपि पार्थिव ॥४२॥

42. paśutvācca vinirmuktāḥ pradānāyopakalpitāḥ ,
tā imā vipramukhyebhyo yo dadāti mahīpate ,
nistaredāpadaṁ kṛcchrāṁ viṣamastho'pi pārthiva.

42. paśutvāt ca vinirmuktāḥ pradānāya
upakalpitāḥ tāḥ imāḥ vipra-mukhyebhyaḥ
yaḥ dadāti mahīpate nistaret āpadam
kṛcchrām viṣamasthaḥ api pārthiva

42. paśutvāt ca vinirmuktāḥ pradānāya
upakalpitāḥ (gāvaḥ) mahīpate pārthiva yaḥ
imāḥ tāḥ vipra-mukhyebhyaḥ dadāti saḥ
viṣamasthaḥ api kṛcchrām āpadam nistaret

42. And liberated from animal status, they (cows) are designated for bestowal. O King (mahīpate), whoever gives these very (cows) to preeminent (brāhmaṇas) will overcome a severe calamity, even if he is in a difficult situation, O Ruler of Earth (pārthiva).

Words meanings summery:

• पशुत्वात् (paśutvāt) - from the state of being an animal, from animality

• च (ca) - and, also

• विनिर्मुक्ताः (vinirmuktāḥ) - freed from animal status (liberated, freed)

• प्रदानाय (pradānāya) - for giving, for bestowal

• उपकल्पिताः (upakalpitāḥ) - designated for giving (as gifts) (prepared, designated, arranged)

• ताः (tāḥ) - these cows (demonstrative) (they, these, those)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these very cows (demonstrative) (these)

• विप्र-मुख्येभ्यः (vipra-mukhyebhyaḥ) - to chief Brahmins, to eminent Brahmins

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• ददाति (dadāti) - gives, bestows

• महीपते (mahīpate) - O King, O lord of earth

• निस्तरेत् (nistaret) - he would overcome, he would cross

• आपदम् (āpadam) - calamity, misfortune

• कृच्छ्राम् (kṛcchrām) - difficult, severe

• विषमस्थः (viṣamasthaḥ) - situated in difficulty, in an adverse situation

• अपि (api) - even, also

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O Ruler of Earth, O King

Words meanings and morphology

पशुत्वात् (paśutvāt) - from the state of being an animal, from animality

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of paśutva

paśutva - animality, condition of being an animal

Derived from paśu (animal) + tva (abstract suffix).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विनिर्मुक्ताः (vinirmuktāḥ) - freed from animal status (liberated, freed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vinirmukta

vinirmukta - liberated, freed, released

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root muc (to release) with upasargas vi- and nir-.

Prefixes: vi+nir

Root: muc (class 6)

प्रदानाय (pradānāya) - for giving, for bestowal

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, granting, bestowing, donation (dāna)

Noun derived from root dā (to give) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

उपकल्पिताः (upakalpitāḥ) - designated for giving (as gifts) (prepared, designated, arranged)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of upakalpita

upakalpita - prepared, arranged, designated, imagined

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root kḷp (to be in order, arrange) with upasarga upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: kḷp (class 1)

ताः (tāḥ) - these cows (demonstrative) (they, these, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

इमाः (imāḥ) - these very cows (demonstrative) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

विप्र-मुख्येभ्यः (vipra-mukhyebhyaḥ) - to chief Brahmins, to eminent Brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of vipra-mukhya

vipra-mukhya - chief Brahmin, principal Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipra+mukhya)

• vipra – Brahmin, inspired, wise (brāhmaṇa)
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

ददाति (dadāti) - gives, bestows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

महीपते (mahīpate) - O King, O lord of earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of earth, ruler

Compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

निस्तरेत् (nistaret) - he would overcome, he would cross

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of nis-tṛ

Prefix: nis

Root: tṛ (class 1)

आपदम् (āpadam) - calamity, misfortune

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress

Derived from root pad (to go) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

कृच्छ्राम् (kṛcchrām) - difficult, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, hard, severe, painful

विषमस्थः (viṣamasthaḥ) - situated in difficulty, in an adverse situation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣamastha

viṣamastha - situated in difficulty, standing in a difficult position, adverse

Compound of viṣama (difficult) and stha (standing, situated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣama+stha)

• viṣama – uneven, difficult, adverse
  adjective (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  suffix (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O Ruler of Earth, O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - of the earth, earthly (as a noun: king, ruler, prince)

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) with suffix -a.

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