महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-36

गावोऽधिकास्तपस्विभ्यो यस्मात्सर्वेभ्य एव च ।
तस्मान्महेश्वरो देवस्तपस्ताभिः समास्थितः ॥३६॥

36. gāvo'dhikāstapasvibhyo yasmātsarvebhya eva ca ,
tasmānmaheśvaro devastapastābhiḥ samāsthitaḥ.

36. gāvaḥ adhikāḥ tapasvibhyaḥ yasmāt sarvebhyaḥ eva ca
tasmāt maheśvaraḥ devaḥ tapaḥ tābhiḥ samāsthitaḥ

36. Because cows are superior even to all ascetics, therefore the great god (Maheśvara) himself undertook austerities (tapas) with them.

Words meanings summery:

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• अधिकाः (adhikāḥ) - superior, greater, more

• तपस्विभ्यः (tapasvibhyaḥ) - than ascetics, from ascetics

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, from which

• सर्वेभ्यः (sarvebhyaḥ) - to all (ascetics) (to all, for all, from all)

• एव (eva) - even, indeed, only

• च (ca) - and

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - the great god, Maheśvara (the great lord (Śiva))

• देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• ताभिः (tābhiḥ) - with them (the cows) (with them, by them)

• समास्थितः (samāsthitaḥ) - undertook (austerities) (established, undertaken, practiced)

Words meanings and morphology

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अधिकाः (adhikāḥ) - superior, greater, more

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of adhika

adhika - superior, greater, more

Note: Refers to 'gāvaḥ'.

तपस्विभ्यः (tapasvibhyaḥ) - than ascetics, from ascetics

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee

Note: Used with 'adhikāḥ' to indicate comparison ("than").

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, from which

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Functions as a causal conjunction.

सर्वेभ्यः (sarvebhyaḥ) - to all (ascetics) (to all, for all, from all)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Agrees with 'tapasvibhyaḥ'.

एव (eva) - even, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Functions as a causal conjunction, mirroring 'yasmāt'.

महेश्वरः (maheśvaraḥ) - the great god, Maheśvara (the great lord (Śiva))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheśvara

maheśvara - great lord, a name of Śiva

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+īśvara)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject.

देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Epithet for Maheśvara.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'samāsthitaḥ'.

ताभिः (tābhiḥ) - with them (the cows) (with them, by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'gāvaḥ' (cows).

समास्थितः (samāsthitaḥ) - undertook (austerities) (established, undertaken, practiced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāsthita

samāsthita - undertaken, established, stayed

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā with upasargas sam-ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Implies "he performed/undertook".

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