महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-65, verse-15

इति प्रोक्तं कुरुश्रेष्ठ तिलदानमनुत्तमम् ।
विधानं येन विधिना तिलानामिह शस्यते ॥१५॥

15. iti proktaṁ kuruśreṣṭha tiladānamanuttamam ,
vidhānaṁ yena vidhinā tilānāmiha śasyate.

15. iti proktam kuruśreṣṭha tiladānam anuttamam
| vidhānam yena vidhinā tilānām iha śasyate

15. O best of Kurus, thus has been declared this unparalleled giving (dāna) of sesame seeds. Here, the procedure (vidhāna) pertaining to sesame seeds, by which method it is praised, is explained.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, stated

• कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - Addressing the listener, a descendant or chief of the Kuru dynasty. (O best of Kurus)

• तिलदानम् (tiladānam) - The specific ritual giving of sesame seeds as an offering (dāna). (the offering/giving of sesame seeds)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - Referring to the supreme quality or significance of the sesame seed offering. (unparalleled, supreme, excellent)

• विधानम् (vidhānam) - The method or specific steps for performing the offering mentioned. (procedure, rule, regulation, arrangement)

• येन (yena) - By which specific method or means. (by which, by whom)

• विधिना (vidhinā) - By the specified procedure or ritualistic rule. (by method, by rule, by law)

• तिलानाम् (tilānām) - The sesame seeds themselves, which are the subject or object of the praise. (of sesame seeds)

• इह (iha) - In the present discourse or specific textual context. (here, in this world, in this context)

• शस्यते (śasyate) - The procedure or the sesame seeds, as part of the ritual, are highly commended. (is praised, is lauded, is celebrated)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, stated

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - declared, said, stated, taught

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective, describing 'tiladānam'.

कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - Addressing the listener, a descendant or chief of the Kuru dynasty. (O best of Kurus)

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+śreṣṭha)

• kuru – a member of the Kuru dynasty, the Kuru kingdom
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (praśasta)

तिलदानम् (tiladānam) - The specific ritual giving of sesame seeds as an offering (dāna). (the offering/giving of sesame seeds)

(compound noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tila+dāna)

• tila – sesame seed
  noun (masculine)
• dāna – giving, gift, offering, donation
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - Referring to the supreme quality or significance of the sesame seed offering. (unparalleled, supreme, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - having no superior, unparalleled, excellent, supreme

Formed by a- (negation) + uttama (supreme)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+uttama)

• a – not, non-
  prefix/indeclinable
• uttama – highest, best, supreme, excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (praśasta)
  Prefix: ud

Note: Qualifies 'tiladānam'.

विधानम् (vidhānam) - The method or specific steps for performing the offering mentioned. (procedure, rule, regulation, arrangement)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidhāna

vidhāna - arrangement, disposition, rule, precept, method, procedure, ritual

Derived from root dhā (to place) with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the second clause ('śasyate').

येन (yena) - By which specific method or means. (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Agrees with 'vidhinā'.

विधिना (vidhinā) - By the specified procedure or ritualistic rule. (by method, by rule, by law)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, procedure, precept, ordinance, destiny

Note: Instrumental case indicating the means.

तिलानाम् (tilānām) - The sesame seeds themselves, which are the subject or object of the praise. (of sesame seeds)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tila

tila - sesame seed

Note: Genitive case indicating relationship to 'vidhānam' or 'śasyate'.

इह (iha) - In the present discourse or specific textual context. (here, in this world, in this context)

(indeclinable)

शस्यते (śasyate) - The procedure or the sesame seeds, as part of the ritual, are highly commended. (is praised, is lauded, is celebrated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śas

Root of class 2 (adādivarga)

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: The passive verb's subject is 'vidhānam'. 'tilānām' is a genitive modifier indicating the subject matter of the procedure being praised.

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