महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-45, verse-5

स्वयं वृतेति सावित्री पित्रा वै प्रत्यपद्यत ।
तत्तस्यान्ये प्रशंसन्ति धर्मज्ञा नेतरे जनाः ॥५॥

5. svayaṁ vṛteti sāvitrī pitrā vai pratyapadyata ,
tattasyānye praśaṁsanti dharmajñā netare janāḥ.

5. svayam vṛtā iti sāvitrī pitrā vai pratyapadyata tat
tasya anye praśaṃsanti dharmajñāḥ na itare janāḥ

5. sāvitrī svayam vṛtā iti vai pitrā pratyapadyata tat
tasya anye dharmajñāḥ praśaṃsanti na itare janāḥ

5. Sāvitrī was indeed acknowledged by her father as having chosen her husband herself. Those who understand natural law (dharma) commend this act of his, but other people do not.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वयम् (svayam) - herself (voluntarily) (oneself, by oneself, voluntarily)

• वृता (vṛtā) - chosen (by herself) (chosen, selected, appointed)

• इति (iti) - (marks the reason or explanation) (thus, so, in this manner (marks quotation or explanation))

• सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Princess Sāvitrī (Sāvitrī (name of a goddess or a princess))

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by her father (by the father)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, assuredly (emphatic particle))

• प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - was acknowledged (he acknowledged, he recognized, he attained)

• तत् (tat) - that (act/deed) (that, therefore, this)

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (the father) (of him, his)

• अन्ये (anye) - others (others, different ones)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - commend (they praise, they commend)

• धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - those who understand natural law (dharma) (knowers of dharma, those who know natural law)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• इतरे (itare) - other (people) (other (masculine plural))

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, folk)

Words meanings and morphology

स्वयम् (svayam) - herself (voluntarily) (oneself, by oneself, voluntarily)

(indeclinable)

वृता (vṛtā) - chosen (by herself) (chosen, selected, appointed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - chosen, selected, appointed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to choose) + -ta suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Feminine nominative singular of the past passive participle 'vṛta'.

इति (iti) - (marks the reason or explanation) (thus, so, in this manner (marks quotation or explanation))

(indeclinable)

सावित्री (sāvitrī) - Princess Sāvitrī (Sāvitrī (name of a goddess or a princess))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sāvitrī

sāvitrī - Sāvitrī (daughter of Savitṛ, name of a princess)

पित्रा (pitrā) - by her father (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Instrumental singular of 'pitṛ' (masculine noun).

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, assuredly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - was acknowledged (he acknowledged, he recognized, he attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pratipad

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, imperfect tense.

तत् (tat) - that (act/deed) (that, therefore, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Neuter nominative singular of 'tad', referring to the father's action.

तस्य (tasya) - of his (the father) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine genitive singular of 'tad'.

अन्ये (anye) - others (others, different ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Masculine nominative plural of 'anya'.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - commend (they praise, they commend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural, present tense.

धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - those who understand natural law (dharma) (knowers of dharma, those who know natural law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous

Compound of dharma (natural law) and jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, knower, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Masculine nominative plural of 'dharmajña'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

इतरे (itare) - other (people) (other (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of itara

itara - other, different

Note: Masculine nominative plural of 'itara'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, folk)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, folk

Note: Masculine nominative plural of 'jana'.

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