महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-45, verse-16

दौहित्रकेण धर्मेण नात्र पश्यामि कारणम् ।
विक्रीतासु च ये पुत्रा भवन्ति पितुरेव ते ॥१६॥

16. dauhitrakeṇa dharmeṇa nātra paśyāmi kāraṇam ,
vikrītāsu ca ye putrā bhavanti pitureva te.

16. dauhitrakeṇa dharmeṇa na atra paśyāmi kāraṇam
| vikrītāsu ca ye putrāḥ bhavanti pituḥ eva te

16. atra dauhitrakeṇa dharmeṇa kāraṇam na paśyāmi ca ye putrāḥ vikrītāsu bhavanti,
te pituḥ eva

16. Here, I see no valid reason based on the specific (dharma) concerning a daughter's son. Furthermore, those sons who are sold still belong only to their (biological) father.

Words meanings summery:

• दौहित्रकेण (dauhitrakeṇa) - by a daughter's son, by a grandson (from a daughter)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by the specific (dharma) concerning (by (natural law) (dharma), by righteousness, by duty)

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - valid reason (reason, cause, motive)

• विक्रीतासु (vikrītāsu) - among those (sons) who are sold (among those sold, in the case of sold (females))

• च (ca) - furthermore (and, also, moreover)

• ये (ye) - who (plural), which (plural)

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become, they exist

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of their (biological) father (of the father)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• ते (te) - they (masculine)

Words meanings and morphology

दौहित्रकेण (dauhitrakeṇa) - by a daughter's son, by a grandson (from a daughter)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dauhitraka

dauhitraka - a daughter's son, grandson (from a daughter)

Diminutive or emphatic form of dauhitra (daughter's son)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by the specific (dharma) concerning (by (natural law) (dharma), by righteousness, by duty)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, intrinsic nature

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem a- (this) + suffix -tra (locative adverb)

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I behold

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of paś

The root dṛś takes the stem paśya- in the present system.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - valid reason (reason, cause, motive)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument, means

From root kṛ (to do, to make) + suffix -ana

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विक्रीतासु (vikrītāsu) - among those (sons) who are sold (among those sold, in the case of sold (females))

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of vikrīta

vikrīta - sold, bartered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root krī (to buy) with prefix vi- (away, apart), meaning 'to sell'

Prefix: vi

Root: krī (class 9)

Note: Refers to the category of 'sold ones', here implying sons who are transferred or adopted.

च (ca) - furthermore (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who (plural), which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child, descendant

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become, they exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

पितुः (pituḥ) - of their (biological) father (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

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