महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-45, verse-12

भीष्म उवाच ।
यथैवात्मा तथा पुत्रः पुत्रेण दुहिता समा ।
तस्यामात्मनि तिष्ठन्त्यां कथमन्यो धनं हरेत् ॥१२॥

12. bhīṣma uvāca ,
yathaivātmā tathā putraḥ putreṇa duhitā samā ,
tasyāmātmani tiṣṭhantyāṁ kathamanyo dhanaṁ haret.

12. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | yathā eva ātmā tathā putraḥ putreṇa duhitā
samā | tasyām ātmani tiṣṭhantyām katham anyaḥ dhanam haret

12. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yathā eva ātmā tathā putraḥ duhitā putreṇa
samā tasyām ātmani tiṣṭhantyām katham anyaḥ dhanam haret

12. Bhīṣma replied, "Indeed, just as one's own self (ātman), so is a son. A daughter is considered equal to a son. When she, being one's own self (ātman), is still present, how can another person take the wealth?"

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just (indeed, even, only)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - one's own self, a person's individual essence (self, soul, spirit, essence)

• तथा (tathā) - so also (so, thus, in the same way)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - compared to a son, equal to a son (by a son, with a son)

• दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter

• समा (samā) - equal (in status for inheritance) (equal, similar, same)

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - while she (the daughter, referring to the ātman in the next word) (in her, in that)

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self (referring to the daughter as a representation of the father's self) (in the self, in the soul)

• तिष्ठन्त्याम् (tiṣṭhantyām) - while she (the daughter, as the ātman) is present/existing (while standing, while existing, while being)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another person (not the daughter or son) (another, other, someone else)

• धनम् (dhanam) - inherited property (wealth, property)

• हरेत् (haret) - should take (the wealth) (should take, should seize, should carry off)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhīṣma (a prominent warrior in the Mahābhārata)

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just (indeed, even, only)

(indeclinable)

आत्मा (ātmā) - one's own self, a person's individual essence (self, soul, spirit, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual self, essence, life

तथा (tathā) - so also (so, thus, in the same way)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - compared to a son, equal to a son (by a son, with a son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duhitṛ

duhitṛ - daughter

समा (samā) - equal (in status for inheritance) (equal, similar, same)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sama

sama - same, equal, similar, uniform

Note: Feminine nominative singular of 'sama'.

तस्याम् (tasyām) - while she (the daughter, referring to the ātman in the next word) (in her, in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Locative singular feminine of 'tad'.

आत्मनि (ātmani) - in the self (referring to the daughter as a representation of the father's self) (in the self, in the soul)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual self, essence, life

तिष्ठन्त्याम् (tiṣṭhantyām) - while she (the daughter, as the ātman) is present/existing (while standing, while existing, while being)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to exist, to remain, to be present

Present Active Participle

Feminine locative singular of present active participle of √sthā (stem tiṣṭhat)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used here as an adjective in locative absolute construction with 'tasyām ātmani'.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another person (not the daughter or son) (another, other, someone else)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

धनम् (dhanam) - inherited property (wealth, property)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, treasure

Root: dhan (class 1)

हरेत् (haret) - should take (the wealth) (should take, should seize, should carry off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ

Optative Active

Optative 3rd person singular of √hṛ

Root: hṛ (class 1)

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