योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-19, verse-5

अकारणैः कारणिभिर्बोधार्थमुपमीयते ।
उपमानैस्तूपमेयैः सदृशैरेकदेशतः ॥ ५ ॥

akāraṇaiḥ kāraṇibhirbodhārthamupamīyate ,
upamānaistūpameyaiḥ sadṛśairekadeśataḥ 5

5. akāraṇaiḥ kāraṇibhiḥ bodhārtham upamīyate
upamānaiḥ tu upameyaiḥ sadṛśaiḥ ekadeśataḥ

5. bodhārtham akāraṇaiḥ kāraṇibhiḥ upamīyate
tu upamānaiḥ sadṛśaiḥ upameyaiḥ ekadeśataḥ

5. For the sake of understanding, something is compared by means of causes and non-causes. However, it is also partially likened through similar analogies to the objects of comparison.

Words meanings summery:

• अकारणैः (akāraṇaiḥ) - by non-causes, by uncaused ones

• कारणिभिः (kāraṇibhiḥ) - by causes, by causal agents

• बोधार्थम् (bodhārtham) - for the sake of understanding, for comprehension

• उपमीयते (upamīyate) - is compared, is likened

• उपमानैः (upamānaiḥ) - by comparisons, by similes, by standards of comparison

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• उपमेयैः (upameyaiḥ) - by things to be compared, by objects of comparison

• सदृशैः (sadṛśaiḥ) - by similar ones, by likes

• एकदेशतः (ekadeśataḥ) - partially, in one part, in some respects

Words meanings and morphology

अकारणैः (akāraṇaiḥ) - by non-causes, by uncaused ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of akāraṇa

akāraṇa - non-cause, uncaused, effect (as opposed to cause)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāraṇa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root kṛ (to do) + -ana suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used substantively (as a noun), agreeing in case with kāraṇibhiḥ.

कारणिभिः (kāraṇibhiḥ) - by causes, by causal agents

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kāraṇin

kāraṇin - causal, a cause, possessing a cause, an agent

derived from kāraṇa with ini suffix

बोधार्थम् (bodhārtham) - for the sake of understanding, for comprehension

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bodha+artha)

• bodha – understanding, knowledge, awakening
  noun (masculine)
  from root budh
  Root: budh (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Often treated as an adverb meaning 'for the purpose of...'.

उपमीयते (upamīyate) - is compared, is likened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of upamā

passive voice, present tense

upa + mā (to measure, compare)

Prefix: upa

Root: mā (class 2)

उपमानैः (upamānaiḥ) - by comparisons, by similes, by standards of comparison

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of upamāna

upamāna - comparison, simile, analogy, standard of comparison

upa + mā + ana (nominal suffix)

Prefix: upa

Root: mā (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

उपमेयैः (upameyaiḥ) - by things to be compared, by objects of comparison

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of upameya

upameya - that which is to be compared, the object of comparison

gerundive/potential passive participle

from upa + mā + ya suffix (or eya)

Prefix: upa

Root: mā (class 2)

सदृशैः (sadṛśaiḥ) - by similar ones, by likes

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sadṛśa

sadṛśa - similar, like, resembling

sa (with) + dṛś (appearance)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sa+dṛśa)

• sa – with, together, same
  indeclinable
• dṛśa – appearance, sight, resembling
  noun/adjective (masculine/neuter)
  from root dṛś
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

एकदेशतः (ekadeśataḥ) - partially, in one part, in some respects

(indeclinable)

ekadeśa + tas (adverbial suffix)

Note: Adverbial formation.

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