योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-19, verse-16

सर्वप्रमाणसत्तानां पदमब्धिरपामिव ।
प्रमाणमेकमेवेह प्रत्यक्षं तदतः शृणु ॥ १६ ॥

sarvapramāṇasattānāṃ padamabdhirapāmiva ,
pramāṇamekameveha pratyakṣaṃ tadataḥ śṛṇu 16

16. sarvapramāṇasattānām padam abdhiḥ apām iva
pramāṇam ekam eva iha pratyakṣam tat ataḥ śr̥ṇu

16. apām abdhiḥ iva sarvapramāṇasattānām padam iha
pratyakṣam ekam eva pramāṇam ataḥ tat śr̥ṇu

16. Just as the ocean is the source of all waters, so is direct perception (pratyakṣa) the foundation for the existence of all valid means of knowledge (pramāṇa). Here, direct perception (pratyakṣa) is indeed the sole means of valid knowledge (pramāṇa). Therefore, listen to that.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वप्रमाणसत्तानाम् (sarvapramāṇasattānām) - of all existing valid means of knowledge (of all existing valid cognitions/proofs)

• पदम् (padam) - the foundation, the source (foot, step, place, abode, state, source, word)

• अब्धिः (abdhiḥ) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

• अपाम् (apām) - of all waters (of waters)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as it were)

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - a valid means of knowledge (pramāṇa) (valid cognition, proof, means of knowledge)

• एकम् (ekam) - the only one (one, single, unique)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (only, indeed, just, quite)

• इह (iha) - here, in this context (here, in this world, in this matter)

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct perception (pratyakṣa) (direct perception, ocular evidence, perceptible)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to pramāṇa) (that, it)

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, hence, from this)

• श्र्̥णु (śr̥ṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वप्रमाणसत्तानाम् (sarvapramāṇasattānām) - of all existing valid means of knowledge (of all existing valid cognitions/proofs)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of sarvapramāṇasattā

sarvapramāṇasattā - the existence of all valid cognitions/proofs

Tatpuruṣa compound of `sarvapramāṇa` and `sattā`. `sarvapramāṇa` is itself a Karma-Dharaya compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sarva+pramāṇa+sattā)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• pramāṇa – valid cognition, proof, authority, standard, means of knowledge
  noun (neuter)
  From `pra-mā` (to measure, ascertain).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mā (class 2)
• sattā – existence, being, reality, power
  noun (feminine)
  From root `as` (to be) + suffix `tal`.
  Root: as (class 2)

पदम् (padam) - the foundation, the source (foot, step, place, abode, state, source, word)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, place, abode, station, source, cause, word

From root `pad` (to go).

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative.

अब्धिः (abdhiḥ) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abdhi

abdhi - ocean, sea

From `ap` (water) + `dhā` (to hold) + `i`. Literally "holder of waters".

Compound type : Upapada-tatpuruṣa (ap+dhā)

• ap – water
  noun (feminine)
• dhā – holding, placing, bestowing
  verb
  From root `dhā` (to place, hold).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of comparison.

अपाम् (apām) - of all waters (of waters)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Irregular declension.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - a valid means of knowledge (pramāṇa) (valid cognition, proof, means of knowledge)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - valid cognition, proof, authority, standard, means of knowledge

From `pra-mā` (to measure, ascertain).

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

एकम् (ekam) - the only one (one, single, unique)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, single, unique, alone

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (only, indeed, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this context (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct perception (pratyakṣa) (direct perception, ocular evidence, perceptible)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - before the eyes, evident, perceptible, direct perception, ocular evidence

From `prati-akṣa` (before the eye).

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• akṣa – eye, sense organ, axis
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to pramāṇa) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `śr̥ṇu`.

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, hence, from this)

(indeclinable)

श्र्̥णु (śr̥ṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative active

Root `śru`, 2nd person singular active.

Root: śru (class 5)

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