वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-85, verse-2

तां स शुश्राव काकुत्स्थः पूर्वचर्यां ततस्ततः ।
अपूर्वां पाठ्य जातिं च गेयेन समलंकृताम् ॥२॥

2. tāṃ sa śuśrāva kākutsthaḥ pūrvacaryāṃ tatastataḥ ,
apūrvāṃ pāṭhya jātiṃ ca geyena samalaṃkṛtām.

2. tām sa śuśrāva kākutsthaḥ pūrvacaryām tataḥ
tataḥ apūrvām pāṭhyajātīm ca geyena samalaṅkṛtām

2. sa kākutsthaḥ tataḥ tataḥ tām pūrvacaryām ca
apūrvām pāṭhyajātīm geyena samalaṅkṛtām śuśrāva

2. Rāma (Kākutstha) heard that ancient history, here and there, a novel kind of recitation, embellished with melody.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (ancient history/song) (that)

• स (sa) - he (Rāma) (he)

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - he (Rāma) heard (he heard)

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rāma (Kākutstha) (descendant of Kakutstha (epithet of Rāma))

• पूर्वचर्याम् (pūrvacaryām) - the ancient story (of the Rāmāyaṇa) (ancient history, former conduct/story)

• ततः ततः (tataḥ tataḥ) - from time to time, or in various parts (of the performance) (from there to there, at intervals, in different parts)

• अपूर्वाम् (apūrvām) - a novel (kind of recitation) (unprecedented, novel, never before seen/heard)

• पाठ्यजातीम् (pāṭhyajātīm) - a kind of recited composition (referring to the Ramayana as sung) (a genre of recitation, a kind of recited composition)

• च (ca) - and

• गेयेन (geyena) - by the melody/singing (by song, by melody, by chanting)

• समलङ्कृताम् (samalaṅkṛtām) - adorned (with melody) (adorned, embellished, decorated)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (ancient history/song) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Note: Refers to pūrvacaryām and pāṭhyajātīm.

स (sa) - he (Rāma) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Note: Subject of śuśrāva.

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - he (Rāma) heard (he heard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of śru

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, parasmaipada, from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rāma (Kākutstha) (descendant of Kakutstha (epithet of Rāma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha; an epithet of Rāma

patronymic from Kakutstha

Note: Another name for Rāma.

पूर्वचर्याम् (pūrvacaryām) - the ancient story (of the Rāmāyaṇa) (ancient history, former conduct/story)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrvacaryā

pūrvacaryā - ancient history, previous conduct, former story

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+caryā)

• pūrva – former, previous, ancient
  adjective (neuter)
• caryā – conduct, course, history, story
  noun (feminine)
  from car (to move, to practice)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of śuśrāva.

ततः ततः (tataḥ tataḥ) - from time to time, or in various parts (of the performance) (from there to there, at intervals, in different parts)

(indeclinable)

Repetition of tataḥ (thence, from there)

Note: Indicates the manner or distribution of hearing.

अपूर्वाम् (apūrvām) - a novel (kind of recitation) (unprecedented, novel, never before seen/heard)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apūrva

apūrva - unprecedented, novel, new, never before seen/heard

Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (a+pūrva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negating prefix
• pūrva – before, existing before, former
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with pāṭhyajātīm.

पाठ्यजातीम् (pāṭhyajātīm) - a kind of recited composition (referring to the Ramayana as sung) (a genre of recitation, a kind of recited composition)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāṭhyajāti

pāṭhyajāti - a kind of recitation, a genre of literature to be recited

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṭhya+jāti)

• pāṭhya – to be recited, readable, suitable for recitation
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from paṭh (to recite/read)
  Root: paṭh (class 1)
• jāti – birth, kind, species, genre, class
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of śuśrāva.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects pūrvacaryām and pāṭhyajātīm.

गेयेन (geyena) - by the melody/singing (by song, by melody, by chanting)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of geya

geya - to be sung, singable, song, melody

Gerundive

from gai (to sing)

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Instrument of embellishment.

समलङ्कृताम् (samalaṅkṛtām) - adorned (with melody) (adorned, embellished, decorated)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samalaṅkṛta

samalaṅkṛta - adorned, embellished, decorated, ornamented

Past Passive Participle

from sam-alaṃ-kṛ (to adorn, decorate)

Prefixes: sam+alam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with pāṭhyajātīm.

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