वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-85, verse-1

तौ रजन्यां प्रभातायां स्नातौ हुतहुताशनौ ।
यथोक्तमृषिणा पूर्वं तत्र तत्राभ्यगायताम् ॥१॥

1. tau rajanyāṃ prabhātāyāṃ snātau hutahutāśanau ,
yathoktamṛṣiṇā pūrvaṃ tatra tatrābhyagāyatām.

1. tau rajanyām prabhātāyām snātau hutahutāśanau
yathāuktam ṛṣiṇā pūrvam tatra tatra abhyagāyatām

1. rajanyām prabhātāyām tau snātau hutahutāśanau
ṛṣiṇā pūrvam yathāuktam tatra tatra abhyagāyatām

1. When the night had dawned, those two, having bathed and performed a Vedic fire ritual, sang as previously instructed by the sage, in various places.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (princes) (those two)

• रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night

• प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - when it had dawned (having dawned, become morning)

• स्नातौ (snātau) - having bathed (the two princes) (having bathed)

• हुतहुताशनौ (hutahutāśanau) - (the two princes) who had offered oblations to the fire (performed a Vedic fire ritual) (having offered oblations to the fire)

• यथाउक्तम् (yathāuktam) - as instructed (as said, as spoken, as instructed)

• ऋषिणा (ṛṣiṇā) - by the sage (Valmiki) (by the sage)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (formerly, previously, before)

• तत्र तत्र (tatra tatra) - in various places (of the performance) (here and there, in various places)

• अभ्यगायताम् (abhyagāyatām) - they (the two princes) sang (they two sang)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (princes) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Note: Refers to Lava and Kuśa.

रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Note: Indicates time when. Used in a locative absolute construction with prabhātāyām.

प्रभातायाम् (prabhātāyām) - when it had dawned (having dawned, become morning)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - dawned, morning, become bright

Past Passive Participle

from pra + bhā (to shine)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with rajanyām in a locative absolute construction.

स्नातौ (snātau) - having bathed (the two princes) (having bathed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of snāta

snāta - bathed, purified by bathing

Past Passive Participle

from snā (to bathe)

Root: snā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with tau.

हुतहुताशनौ (hutahutāśanau) - (the two princes) who had offered oblations to the fire (performed a Vedic fire ritual) (having offered oblations to the fire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of hutahutāśana

hutahutāśana - one who has offered oblations to fire

Compound type : bahuvrihi (huta+hutāśana)

• huta – offered, sacrificed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from hu (to offer)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• hutāśana – fire (lit. 'eater of oblations')
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of huta (oblation) + aśana (eating)

Note: Agrees with tau, describing their state after ritual.

यथाउक्तम् (yathāuktam) - as instructed (as said, as spoken, as instructed)

(indeclinable)

indeclinable compound (avyayībhāva) of yathā and ukta

Compound type : avyayibhāva (yathā+ukta)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• ukta – spoken, said
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the action of singing.

ऋषिणा (ṛṣiṇā) - by the sage (Valmiki) (by the sage)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Note: Agent of yathāuktam.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here.

तत्र तत्र (tatra tatra) - in various places (of the performance) (here and there, in various places)

(indeclinable)

Repetition of tatra (there)

Note: Indicates spatial distribution of the singing.

अभ्यगायताम् (abhyagāyatām) - they (the two princes) sang (they two sang)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-gā

Imperfect Active

3rd person dual, parasmaipada, from abhi + gā

Prefix: abhi

Root: gā (class 3)

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