वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-8, verse-21

अशक्नुवन्तस्ते विष्णुं प्रतियोद्धुं भयार्दिताः ।
त्यक्त्वा लङ्कां गता वस्तुं पातालं सहपत्नयः ॥२१॥

21. aśaknuvantaste viṣṇuṃ pratiyoddhuṃ bhayārditāḥ ,
tyaktvā laṅkāṃ gatā vastuṃ pātālaṃ sahapatnayaḥ.

21. aśaknuvantaḥ te viṣṇum pratiyoddhum bhayārditāḥ
tyaktvā laṅkām gatāḥ vastum pātālam sahapatnayaḥ

21. te aśaknuvantaḥ bhayārditāḥ viṣṇum pratiyoddhum
laṅkām tyaktvā sahapatnayaḥ pātālam vastum gatāḥ

21. Unable to fight against Viṣṇu, and distressed by fear, they abandoned Laṅkā and went to reside in Pātāla along with their wives.

Words meanings summery:

• अशक्नुवन्तः (aśaknuvantaḥ) - unable to (not being able, unable)

• ते (te) - they (the rākṣasas) (those, they)

• विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Viṣṇu (Viṣṇu (accusative))

• प्रतियोद्धुम् (pratiyoddhum) - to fight against (to fight against, to contend with)

• भयार्दिताः (bhayārditāḥ) - terrified (distressed by fear, terrified)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having left (having abandoned, having left)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to the city of Laṅkā (to Laṅkā)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - they went (gone, went)

• वस्तुम् (vastum) - to reside (to dwell, to reside)

• पातालम् (pātālam) - to the netherworld, Pātāla (to Pātāla (the netherworld))

• सहपत्नयः (sahapatnayaḥ) - accompanied by their wives (with their wives)

Words meanings and morphology

अशक्नुवन्तः (aśaknuvantaḥ) - unable to (not being able, unable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - not being able, incapable

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √śak (to be able) in the 5th class, with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śaknuvat)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śaknuvat – being able, capable
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root √śak (to be able) in the 5th class.
  Root: √śak (class 5)

ते (te) - they (the rākṣasas) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - Viṣṇu (Viṣṇu (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - The Preserver god in the Hindu Trimūrti

प्रतियोद्धुम् (pratiyoddhum) - to fight against (to fight against, to contend with)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of pratiyudh

Infinitive

Derived from root √yudh (to fight) with upasarga prati (against).

Prefix: prati

Root: √yudh (class 4)

भयार्दिताः (bhayārditāḥ) - terrified (distressed by fear, terrified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayārdita

bhayārdita - distressed by fear, terrified

Tatpuruṣa compound of bhaya (fear) and ardita (distressed, P.P.P. of √ṛd).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ardita)

• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √bhī (to fear).
  Root: √bhī (class 3)
• ardita – distressed, afflicted, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ṛd (to torment, trouble).
  Root: √ṛd (class 1)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having left (having abandoned, having left)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: √tyaj (class 1)

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to the city of Laṅkā (to Laṅkā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Name of an island city, traditionally associated with Sri Lanka, the capital of Rāvaṇa

गताः (gatāḥ) - they went (gone, went)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, departed, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go). Often used as a finite verb in narrative.

Root: √gam (class 1)

वस्तुम् (vastum) - to reside (to dwell, to reside)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of √vas

Infinitive

Derived from root √vas (to dwell).

Root: √vas (class 1)

पातालम् (pātālam) - to the netherworld, Pātāla (to Pātāla (the netherworld))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pātāla

pātāla - The lowest of the seven regions below the earth, the netherworld

सहपत्नयः (sahapatnayaḥ) - accompanied by their wives (with their wives)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahapatnī

sahapatnī - together with wife/wives

Bahuvrīhi compound: saha (with) + patnī (wife).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+patnī)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix meaning 'with'.
• patnī – wife, mistress, female owner
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adjectival use as 'accompanied by wives'.

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