वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-80, verse-52

कथं नाम दशग्रीव साक्षाद्वैश्रवणानुज ।
हन्तुमिच्छसि वैदेहीं क्रोधाद्धर्ममपास्य हि ॥५२॥

52. kathaṃ nāma daśagrīva sākṣādvaiśravaṇānuja ,
hantumicchasi vaidehīṃ krodhāddharmamapāsya hi.

52. katham nāma daśagrīva sākṣāt vaiśravaṇānuja
hantum icchasi vaidehīm krodhāt dharmam apāsya hi

52. daśagrīva vaiśravaṇānuja katham nāma vaidehīm
hantum icchasi krodhāt dharmam apāsya hi

52. O Daśagrīva, younger brother of Vaiśravaṇa himself, how can you truly wish to kill Vaidehī out of anger, having indeed abandoned your duty (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what way

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, an emphatic particle

• दशग्रीव (daśagrīva) - O Ravana (O Daśagrīva (Ravana))

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, truly, indeed, in person

• वैश्रवणानुज (vaiśravaṇānuja) - younger brother of Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

• हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sita)

• क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from anger, due to anger

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - your own duty or proper conduct as a king (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, natural law)

• अपास्य (apāsya) - having discarded, having cast aside

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what way

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, an emphatic particle

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to emphasize or as a mere expletive

दशग्रीव (daśagrīva) - O Ravana (O Daśagrīva (Ravana))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - having ten necks/heads (an epithet for Ravana)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśan+grīvā)

• daśan – ten
  adjective
• grīvā – neck, head
  noun (feminine)

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - directly, truly, indeed, in person

(indeclinable)

वैश्रवणानुज (vaiśravaṇānuja) - younger brother of Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vaiśravaṇānuja

vaiśravaṇānuja - younger brother of Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaiśravaṇa+anuja)

• vaiśravaṇa – son of Viśravas (Kubera, god of wealth)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anuja – younger brother
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jan (class 4)

हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive formed with the suffix -tum

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Infinitive verb form

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

present active

Root: iṣ (class 6)

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sita)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - daughter of Videha (an epithet for Sita)

क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from anger, due to anger

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, rage

Root: krudh (class 4)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - your own duty or proper conduct as a king (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, natural law

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अपास्य (apāsya) - having discarded, having cast aside

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

Gerund formed with prefix apa- and root as

Prefix: apa

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Absolutive (gerund)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

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